Spring (Stage 3) Pickling Cucumber Trial – 2002

NCSU Cucumber Breeding Report - 2002cuke.gif

Todd C. Wehner
Professor

Tammy L. Ellington
Agric. Res. Tech. III


Department of Horticultural Science
North Carolina State University
            Raleigh, NC 27695-7609


Spring (Stage 3) Pickling Cucumber Trial
2002
Todd C. Wehner and Tammy L. Ellington

Experiment Design
1.   A randomized complete block with 3 replications of pickle cultivars
     and breeding lines (collectively referred to as cultigens) was grown.
2.   Plots were single 20 ft. rows with 5 ft. alleys at each end.
3.   Rows were on raised 18" beds spaced 60" apart (center to center).
4.   Fertilizer consisted of 80-80-80 lb/A (N-P-K) broadcast preplant and
     30-0-0 lb/A (N-P-K) sideplaced at the 2 to 4 leaf stage.
5.   Curbit was applied preemergence at the rate of 1 lb. a.i./A.
6.   The trial was planted 18 April, and harvested 6 times
     (Mondays and Thursdays) between 13 June and 1 July.

Data Collection
1.   Firmness was measured on 3 Grade 3 fruits using a Magness-Taylor tester
     with a 5/16" tip.
2.   Length/Diameter ratio was calculated by measuring 5 Grade 2 fruits.
3.   Quality ratings were from 1 to 9, with 1 = worst, 9 = best.
4.   Disease ratings were from 0 to 9, with 0 = no disease, 1-2 = trace,
     3-4 = slight, 5-6 = moderate, 7-8 = severe, 9 = plant dead.
Results
The following cultigens performed well, and could be advanced
to the next stage:
1    Colt                            Seminis    
2    SRQP-2860                       SunSeeds   
3    Jackson(3540)                   SunSeeds   
4    NC-Davie(54x55)                 NCStateUniv
5    CrossCountry                    HarrisMoran
6    Vlasstar(10489)                 Seminis    
7    Journey (EX04504229)            Seminis    

Table 6.  Stage 3 spring pickle trial - yield data (cultigens are ranked
by fruit value).
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                                 Fruit grade distribution  Plants
      Cultivar          Seed        Value Weight       (% by weight)        per A
Rank   or line         source        ($)   (cwt) Cull  No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 (x1000)
_________________________________________________________________________________
  1   SRQP-2860        SunSeeds      2100    340   14    5   29   38   13   16
  2   Jackson(3540)    SunSeeds      2028    347   15    4   27   40   13   24
  3   Colt             Seminis       2008    284   13    7   35   38    7   25
  4   CrossCountry     HarrisMoran   1977    301   12    6   26   43   13   24
  5   SRQP-2606        SunSeeds      1913    296   13    4   33   40   10   25
  6   NC-Davie(54x55)  NCStateUniv   1888    292   12    7   27   44   10   26
  7   Vlasstar(10489)  Seminis       1820    283   14    5   30   42    9   26
  8   SRQP-2752        SunSeeds      1775    281   17    7   29   35   12   24
  9   Journey (4229)   Seminis       1727    240   16    8   36   37    4   23
 10   NC-Dixon(52x53)  NCStateUniv   1669    282   14    5   23   45   14   24
 11   HMX-0469         HarrisMoran   1621    231   13    9   33   34   11   25
 12   Calypso          NCStateUniv   1620    245   11    8   28   39   14   20
 13   RZ-Componist     RijkZwaan     1612    257   12    4   24   47   12   24
 14   Johnston         NCStateUniv   1583    230   17    7   29   43    4   23
 15   SVR04506143      Seminis       1571    242   18    7   29   39    8   24
 16   NC-Duplin(56x57  NCStateUniv   1544    261   13    4   25   43   15   24
 17   SVR04506116      Seminis       1480    210   18    8   34   38    3   24
 18   HMX-9466         HarrisMoran   1402    231   16    8   28   32   17   25
 19   RZ-12-65         RijkZwaan     1163    168   16    7   35   32    8   23
 20   Wis.SMR 18       Univ.Wis.      882    168   17    5   20   40   18   23
_________________________________________________________________________________
      LSD (5%)                        660    105    6    4    7    9    9    4
      Mean                           1669    259   15    6   29   23   11   23
      CV (%)                           24     24   25   36   15   14   48   11
_________________________________________________________________________________
Correlation (Fruit value with fruit weight) = 0.94**

Table 7.  Stage 3 spring pickle trial - earliness data (cultigens are ranked
by fruit value in harvests 1 and 2).
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                        Cumulative fruit value and % of
                                     total valuez (6 harvests) for harvest:
     Cultivar         Seed          1        1-2       1-3       1-4       1-5_
Rank  or line        source      $/A  %    $/A  %    $/A  %    $/A  %    $/A  %
_________________________________________________________________________________
 1 Colt            Seminis       658  32   937  46  1149  56  1314  65  1708  84
 2 NC-Davie(54x55) NCStateUniv   501  26   823  43  1131  59  1379  73  1605  85
 3 Jackson(3540)   SunSeeds      473  20   779  35  1098  50  1423  66  1695  82
 4 SRQP-2860       SunSeeds      481  22   751  35  1164  54  1432  66  1786  85
 5 SVR04506143     Seminis       605  38   743  47  1065  67  1177  74  1395  89
 6 RZ-Componist    RijkZwaan     504  29   712  42   920  53  1151  70  1399  87
 7 SRQP-2606       SunSeeds      524  27   703  36  1102  57  1310  68  1646  86
 8 NC-Dixon(52x53) NCStateUniv   420  23   692  39   919  53  1216  70  1431  85
 9 Journey (4229)  Seminis       497  29   688  40   929  53  1142  66  1384  80
10 Johnston        NCStateUniv   468  30   684  43   895  57  1088  69  1360  86
11 Vlasstar(10489) Seminis       523  28   658  36  1031  57  1281  70  1513  83
12 NC-Duplin(56x57 NCStateUniv   403  26   643  42   859  56  1062  69  1334  86
13 SVR04506116     Seminis       488  33   624  42   850  58   921  63  1234  84
14 CrossCountry    HarrisMoran   181   8   588  25   863  39  1302  61  1639  79
15 SRQP-2752       SunSeeds      311  18   564  32   764  43   980  55  1454  82
16 HMX-9466        HarrisMoran   298  22   496  36   681  49   905  65  1162  83
17 HMX-0469        HarrisMoran   291  18   493  31   736  45   999  62  1383  85
18 Calypso         NCStateUniv   152   8   442  26   670  40   944  58  1259  78
19 RZ-12-65        RijkZwaan     223  19   368  31   535  45   686  58   995  87
20 Wis.SMR 18      Univ.Wis.      41   5   179  20   294  33   552  63   708  80
_________________________________________________________________________________
   LSD (5%)                      260   9   381  12   509  15   595  14   607  10
   Mean                          402  23   628  36   883  51  1113  65  1404  84
   CV (%)                         39  24    37  20    35  18    32  13    26   7 
_________________________________________________________________________________
Correlation (Fruit value with value in harvests 1 and 2) = 0.90**

Table 8.  Stage 3 spring pickle trial - fruit quality data (cultigens are
ranked by average quality).
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                                                        Overall
        Cultivar            Seed        Average                   Seed-  impres-
Rank    or line            source       qualityz   Shapez  Colory  cellz  sionz
_________________________________________________________________________________
    1   Colt              Seminis         7.8        7       8      8      8
    2   HMX-9466          HarrisMoran     7.7        8       8      7      8
    3   CrossCountry      HarrisMoran     7.4        8       8      7      7
    4   Vlasstar(10489)   Seminis         7.3        7       7      7      8
    5   SVR04506116       Seminis         7.2        8       8      7      7
    6   SVR04506143       Seminis         7.1        7       6      7      7
    7   HMX-0469          HarrisMoran     7.1        7       7      7      7
    8   SRQP-2860         SunSeeds        7.1        7       8      7      8
    9   Calypso           NCStateUniv     7.0        7       6      7      7
   10   Jackson(3540)     SunSeeds        6.9        7       9      6      8
   11   Journey (4229)    Seminis         6.7        7       9      6      7
   12   Johnston          NCStateUniv     6.6        6       8      7      7
   13   SRQP-2752         SunSeeds        6.4        8       6      5      7
   14   RZ-12-65          RijkZwaan       6.3        6       6      7      6
   15   NC-Davie(54x55)   NCStateUniv     6.2        7       7      5      7
   16   RZ-Componist      RijkZwaan       6.2        7       4      6      6
   17   SRQP-2606         SunSeeds        6.0        6       9      6      6
   18   NC-Dixon(52x53)   NCStateUniv     5.9        6       8      5      7
   19   NC-Duplin(56x57   NCStateUniv     5.6        6       8      4      7
   20   Wis.SMR 18        Univ.Wis.       4.8        6       4      3      5
_________________________________________________________________________________
        LSD (5%)                          1.2        1       1      2      1
        Mean                              6.7        7       7      6      7
        CV (%)                           10.9       12       8     19     12
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (1 = poor, 5 = average, 9 = excellent).
y Color rated 1 to 9 (1 = white, 5 = medium green, 9 = very dark green).
Correlation (Fruit value with average quality) = 0.18ns

Table 9.  Stage 3 spring pickle trial - other quality data (cultigens are
ranked by average quality).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
     Cultivar           Seed       Firm-  L/D      Defects1°          Defects2°
Rank  or line          source      ness  ratio   2     4     6      2     4     6
_________________________________________________________________________________
  1  HMX-9466         HarrisMoran  18.7   3.2    K     H     K      K     K     K
  2  HMX-0469         HarrisMoran  18.3   3.4    K     K     T      G     K     D
  3  SRQP-2752        SunSeeds     18.0   3.2    K     K     M      C     K     T
  4  Colt             Seminis      17.7   3.5    G     K     K      K     D     K
  5  Jackson(3540)    SunSeeds     17.3   3.3    T     D     H      D     H     N
  6  SVR04506116      Seminis      17.0   3.8    G     G     G      K     T     K
  7  Vlasstar(10489)  Seminis      16.7   3.4    K     K     D      G     D     K
  8  SVR04506143      Seminis      16.3   3.6    K     K     K      G     M     V
  9  CrossCountry     HarrisMoran  16.0   3.5    K     K     K      G     K     T
 10  Calypso          NCStateUniv  16.0   3.1    K     O     K      T     K     T
 11  Wis.SMR 18       Univ.Wis.    16.0   3.1    C     W     W      W     Y     Y
 12  Journey (4229)   Seminis      15.7   3.7    G     G     K      K     K     G
 13  Johnston         NCStateUniv  15.7   3.3    T     K     D      C     D     N
 14  NC-Davie(54x55)  NCStateUniv  15.3   3.0    K     A     H      K     H     K
 15  SRQP-2860        SunSeeds     15.0   3.6    D     K     K      G     D     T
 16  RZ-12-65         RijkZwaan    14.7   3.3    A     A     A      V     G     D
 17  SRQP-2606        SunSeeds     14.7   2.9    H     H     M      D     D     H
 18  NC-Duplin(56x57  NCStateUniv  14.7   3.1    K     A     D      K     K     T
 19  NC-Dixon(52x53)  NCStateUniv  14.3   3.3    H     O     H      K     K     K
 20  RZ-Componist     RijkZwaan    13.7   3.3    A     A     A      D     G     C
_________________________________________________________________________________
     LSD (5%)                       2.8   0.2
     Mean                          10.8   3.3
     CV (%)                        12.8   5.3
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (1 = poor, 5 = average, 9 = excellent).
Defects were rated as follows (giving primary and secondary for each harvest):
 A - wArty fruit             J – RiDGed               S - Separated carpels
 B - Blossom end defects     K - Keep(excellent)      T - Tapered ends
 C - Crooks excessive        L - Late maturity        U - Uniform green
 D - Dogbone shape           M - Mottled fruit        V - Varicolor (dark stem
 E - Early maturity          N - Nubs excessive           end, light blossom end)
 F - Four celled             O - Offtype fruit        W - White fruit
 G - lonG fruit              P - Placental hollows    X - neCKS on fruit
 H - sHort fruit             Q -                      Y - Yellow fruit
 I - strIped fruit           R - Reject (poor)        Z - diSeased fruit

Table 10.  Stage 3 spring pickle trial - fruit keeping ability data (cultigens
are ranked by % weight loss).
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                           Weight    Rating (0 - 9)y   Firm-
         Cultivar            Seed           loss     Shriv-  Rots &    ness
Rank     or line             source         (%)z     eling   disease   (lb.)x
_________________________________________________________________________________
   1    Johnston           NCStateUniv       15        3        1       14
   2    SRQP-2752          SunSeeds          16        4        1       14
   3    Vlasstar(10489)    Seminis           16        4        2       11
   4    SVR04506116        Seminis           16        5        1       12
   5    Journey (4229)     Seminis           16        5        1       14
   6    SRQP-2606          SunSeeds          16        4        1       10
   7    SVR04506143        Seminis           17        4        3       12
   8    Jackson(3540)      SunSeeds          18        3        1       11
   9    NC-Davie(54x55)    NCStateUniv       19        3        1       12
  10    SRQP-2860          SunSeeds          20        7        3       11
  11    Calypso            NCStateUniv       20        4        1        9
  12    CrossCountry       HarrisMoran       20        4        1       13
  13    Colt               Seminis           21        4        2       15
  14    NC-Dixon(52x53)    NCStateUniv       21        4        1       11
  15    HMX-9466           HarrisMoran       21        5        2       11
  16    HMX-0469           HarrisMoran       22        5        1       12
  17    Wis.SMR 18         Univ.Wis.         22        7        3       13
  18    RZ-Componist       RijkZwaan         22        5        3       10
  19    RZ-12-65           RijkZwaan         24        4        1       14
  20    NC-Duplin(56x57    NCStateUniv       27        3        1       12
_________________________________________________________________________________
        LSD (5%)                              7        3        2        4
        Mean                                 19        4        2       12
        CV (%)                               22       39       89       22
_________________________________________________________________________________
z After storage at room temperature for 8 days in open kraft paper bags.
y Shriveling & disease rated 0-9 (0=none, 1-3=slight, 4-6=moderate, 7-9=advanced).
x Firmness after storage using Magness-Taylor fruit punch tester.
Correlation (Weight loss with shriveling) = 0.55**
Correlation (Weight loss with firmness) = -0.39**

Table 11.  Stage 3 spring pickle trial - bloater resistance data (cultigens
are ranked by bloater resistance).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                              Total
          Cultivar              Seed         bloater                    Honey-
   Rank    or line             source        damage   Balloon   Lens    comb
_________________________________________________________________________________
     1    Johnston           NCStateUniv        3         0       2       2
     2    NC-Dixon(52x53)    NCStateUniv        4         2       0       3
     3    Calypso            NCStateUniv        5         0       0       5
     4    NC-Duplin(56x57    NCStateUniv        5         3       0       2
     5    RZ-Componist       RijkZwaan          9         6       0       3
     6    SVR04506143        Seminis            9         8       0       2
     7    Wis.SMR 18         Univ.Wis.         11         7       2       2
     8    SVR04506116        Seminis           11         5       6       0
     9    Vlasstar(10489)    Seminis           13         8       0       4
    10    RZ-12-65           RijkZwaan         13         8       0       5
    11    HMX-9466           HarrisMoran       13        10       3       0
    12    Colt               Seminis           13        12       0       2
    13    HMX-0469           HarrisMoran       14        12       2       0
    14    SRQP-2860          SunSeeds          16        14       2       0
    15    NC-Davie(54x55)    NCStateUniv       17        10       2       5
    16    Jackson(3540)      SunSeeds          17        12       0       5
    17    CrossCountry       HarrisMoran       18        15       0       3
    18    Journey (4229)     Seminis           19        13       4       2
    19    SRQP-2606          SunSeeds          21        12       2       7
    20    SRQP-2752          SunSeeds          22        18       0       3
_________________________________________________________________________________
          LSD (5%)                             14        13       4       5
          Mean                                 13         9       1       3
          CV (%)                               65        89     203     107
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Data are means of 2 harvests, 5 fruits/cultigen.
Fruits tested in 5 gal. pails purged with 100% CO2.

Table 12.  Stage 3 spring pickle trial - bloater resistance data (cultigens
are ranked by total bloater + defect resistance).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                   Bloaters   Total          Blossom Placen
       Cultivar            Seed        +     bloater  Total   -end   -tal   Soft
 Rank   or line           source    defects  damage  defects defects hollow center
_________________________________________________________________________________
    1  Johnston         NCStateUniv     3       3        0      0     0     0
    2  Calypso          NCStateUniv     8       5        3      0     0     3
    3  RZ-Componist     RijkZwaan       9       9        0      0     0     0
    4  NC-Duplin(56x57  NCStateUniv    10       5        5      0     0     5
    5  SVR04506143      Seminis        10       9        1      1     0     0
    6  NC-Dixon(52x53)  NCStateUniv    13       4        8      0     2     7
    7  Vlasstar(10489)  Seminis        16      13        3      0     2     2
    8  RZ-12-65         RijkZwaan      16      13        3      3     0     0
    9  HMX-9466         HarrisMoran    17      13        3      0     0     3
   10  HMX-0469         HarrisMoran    19      14        5      2     3     0
   11  SVR04506116      Seminis        19      11        8      0     7     2
   12  CrossCountry     HarrisMoran    20      18        2      0     2     0
   13  SRQP-2860        SunSeeds       21      16        5      2     3     0
   14  Journey (4229)   Seminis        22      19        3      0     3     0
   15  SRQP-2606        SunSeeds       22      21        1      1     0     0
   16  Wis.SMR 18       Univ.Wis.      22      11       12      0     2    10
   17  NC-Davie(54x55)  NCStateUniv    23      17        7      2     2     3
   18  Jackson(3540)    SunSeeds       23      17        6      0     3     3
   19  Colt             Seminis        24      13       11      6     2     3
   20  SRQP-2752        SunSeeds       24      22        3      2     1     0
_________________________________________________________________________________
       LSD (5%)                        16      14       10      3     5     6
       Mean                            17      13        4      1     2     2
       CV (%)                          57      65      133    242   205   246
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Data are means of 2 harvests, 5 fruits/cultigen.
Fruits tested in 5 gal. pails purged with 100% CO2.

Table 13.  Stage 3 spring pickle trial - sex expression and vine data
(cultigens are ranked by gynoecious rating).
_________________________________________________________________________________
               Cultivar            Seed           Gyn.   Vine    Vine
       Rank     or line           source        ratingz  sizey   colorx
_________________________________________________________________________________
         1    RZ-12-65           RijkZwaan         9       8       7
         2    RZ-Componist       RijkZwaan         9       7       7
         3    SVR04506143        Seminis           9       7       9
         4    SRQP-2606          SunSeeds          9       4       9
         5    HMX-0469           HarrisMoran       9       6       7
         6    SRQP-2860          SunSeeds          9       6       8
         7    Vlasstar(10489)    Seminis           8       7       8
         8    SRQP-2752          SunSeeds          8       5       9
         9    Johnston           NCStateUniv       8       6       8
        10    Journey (4229)     Seminis           8       6       9
        11    SVR04506116        Seminis           8       5       9
        12    CrossCountry       HarrisMoran       7       7       8
        13    Calypso            NCStateUniv       7       6       7
        14    Colt               Seminis           7       6       9
        15    HMX-9466           HarrisMoran       7       7       7
        16    Jackson(3540)      SunSeeds          7       5       9
        17    NC-Dixon(52x53)    NCStateUniv       4       6       8
        18    NC-Duplin(56x57    NCStateUniv       3       7       8
        19    Wis.SMR 18         Univ.Wis.         3       7       5
        20    NC-Davie(54x55)    NCStateUniv       3       6       9
_________________________________________________________________________________
              LSD (5%)                             2       1       1
              Mean                                 7       6       8
              CV (%)                              16      15      10
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Gynoecious rating (1 = androecious, 2-3 = andromonoecious, 4-6 = monoecious,
  7-8 = predominately gynoecious, 9 = gynoecious).
y Size rated 1 to 9 (1=very small, 9=very large).
x Color rated 1 to 9 (1=yellow, 9=very dark green).
Correlation (Yield with gynoecious rating) = 0.09ns
Correlation (Yield with vine size) = -0.34**

Table 14.  Stage 3 spring pickle trial - disease data (cultigens are ranked
by anthracnose rating).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                Cultivar              Seed         Anthracnose
        Rank     or line             source          rating
_________________________________________________________________________________
          1    SRQP-2752          SunSeeds             1.3
          2    Johnston           NCStateUniv          1.3
          3    NC-Dixon(52x53)    NCStateUniv          1.3
          4    HMX-0469           HarrisMoran          1.7
          5    CrossCountry       HarrisMoran          1.7
          6    NC-Duplin(56x57    NCStateUniv          1.7
          7    SRQP-2860          SunSeeds             2.0
          8    Vlasstar(10489)    Seminis              2.3
          9    Calypso            NCStateUniv          2.3
         10    Journey (4229)     Seminis              2.7
         11    HMX-9466           HarrisMoran          2.7
         12    NC-Davie(54x55)    NCStateUniv          3.0
         13    RZ-12-65           RijkZwaan            4.0
         14    RZ-Componist       RijkZwaan            4.0
         15    SRQP-2606          SunSeeds             4.0
         16    Colt               Seminis              4.0
         17    Jackson(3540)      SunSeeds             4.0
         18    SVR04506116        Seminis              5.0
         19    SVR04506143        Seminis              5.7
         20    Wis.SMR 18         Univ.Wis.            7.7
_________________________________________________________________________________
               LSD (5%)                                2.0
               Mean                                    3.1
               CV (%)                                 39.6
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Disease rated 0 to 9 (0=none, 1-2=trace, 3-4=slight, 5-6=moderate, 7-8=advanced,
9=plant dead).
Correlation (Yield vs. disease rating) = -0.23ns

Table 15.  Stage 3 spring pickle trial - selection indexes (cultigens ranked
by SWI1).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                             Simple weighted  Average rank
            Cultivar             Seed            indexes         indexes__
    Rank     or line            source        SWI1    SWI2    ARI1    ARI2
_________________________________________________________________________________
       1    Colt               Seminis         9.9     8.1     6.6     7.5
       2    SRQP-2860          SunSeeds        9.5     8.1     7.6     8.1
       3    Jackson(3540)      SunSeeds        9.2     7.8    10.0     9.8
       4    NC-Davie(54x55)    NCStateUniv     9.0     7.5    10.1     9.7
       5    CrossCountry       HarrisMoran     9.0     7.7     7.6     8.6
       6    Vlasstar(10489)    Seminis         8.8     7.5     8.3     8.8
       7    Journey (4229)     Seminis         8.6     7.2     9.8    10.2
       8    SRQP-2606          SunSeeds        8.5     7.2    12.0    11.7
       9    Johnston           NCStateUniv     8.4     7.2    10.3     9.8
      10    NC-Dixon(52x53)    NCStateUniv     8.4     7.2    10.9    10.2
      11    SRQP-2752          SunSeeds        8.3     7.2     9.4     8.7
      12    SVR04506143        Seminis         8.0     6.8    10.4    10.6
      13    HMX-0469           HarrisMoran     8.0     6.9     9.3     9.3
      14    RZ-Componist       RijkZwaan       7.9     6.7    12.4    12.3
      15    NC-Duplin(56x57    NCStateUniv     7.9     6.9    12.1    10.9
      16    SVR04506116        Seminis         7.8     6.6    10.9    11.3
      17    HMX-9466           HarrisMoran     7.7     6.8     9.4     9.4
      18    Calypso            NCStateUniv     7.6     6.7    10.6    11.4
      19    RZ-12-65           RijkZwaan       6.2     5.5    13.3    13.7
      20    Wis.SMR 18         Univ.Wis.       4.2     3.8    19.0    18.2
_________________________________________________________________________________
            LSD (5%)                           2.3     1.6     4.3     3.9
            Mean                               8.1     6.9    10.5    10.5
            CV (%)                            17.0    14.1    24.8    22.3
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z SWI is simple weighted index calculated from the performance of a cultigen for
  yield; earliness; fruit shape, seedcell size and overall impression; and disease
  resistance.  The index is calculated with 2 different methods of weighting each
  trait (10 is best, 1 is worst).
ARI is the average ranking of each cultigen for yield, earliness, fruit quality
  and disease resistance.  The index is calculated with 2 different sets of
  secondary traits added in with the primary traits (1 is best).
Correlation (Yield with SWI1) = 0.95**
Correlation (Yield with ARI1) = -0.58**