NCSU Cucumber Breeding Report - 2000
Todd C. Wehner
Professor
Tammy L. Ellington
Agric. Res. Tech. III
Department of Horticultural Science
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC 27695-7609
Pickling Cucumbers
Brinestock Evaluation - 2000
Spring (Stage 3) Pickle Trial
Todd C. Wehner and Tammy L. Ellingtonz
Department of Horticultural Science
North Carolina State University
Introduction
Cucumbers from the first and third harvests of the stage 3 spring pickling
cucumber trial were each placed in one brine tank at Mt. Olive Pickle Co. The
tanks were purged with nitrogen to remove excess carbon dioxide from the brine.
Methods
The cultigens (cultivars and breeding lines) were evaluated for fruit quality
(shape, external color, texture, seedcell size, and lot uniformity), firmness,
bloaters, and other defects in October. Quality was evaluated by judges from
industry: Phil Denlinger, Sonny Coghill, Lawrence Crocker, Bob Quinn, and
Tim Smith (Mt. Olive), Eddie Quill, Jeanine Suggs, and JW Jackson (Dean Foods),
Curtiss Cates and Duncan Malloy (Addis Cates Co.), Richard Wojciak and Michael
Cain (Sunseeds), Chris Ware and Bill Rankin (Harris Moran), and Darrel Hawley.
Fruit quality was evaluated using a rating system (that approximated letter
grades) from 1 to 9, where 9 = A+, 8 = A, 7 = A-, 6 = B+, 5 = B, 4 = B-, 3 = C,
2 = D, 1 = F. Bloaters and defects were measured as percentage of fruits with
damage in a sample of 20 grade 3B fruits. Firmness was measured by punching 10
grade 2B fruits with a Magness-Taylor tester (having a 5/16" diameter tip). All
cultigens were randomized, replicated and coded to prevent bias and provide a
measure of error variance.
Results
The cultigens are presented in order by decreasing fruit quality in Table 1, and
are ranked for resistance to bloaters and defects in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
Fruit texture and firmness rankings are in Table 4. The average quality ratings
assigned by each judge in the test are presented in Table 5, showing how lenient
each judge was relative to the others. Due to insufficient replication, the
bloater data showed few significant differences among cultigens.
Summary
- The cultigens with best fruit quality in brinestock were WI6890Ax6813A,
Vlasstar, WI6846Ax6848A, UW 00 78, HMX-8461, Jackson, UW 00 69, UW 00 77,
SXQP 1882, Johnston, Vlaspik, and Raleigh.
- The most bloater susceptible cultigens were Akord, Royal, Patton,
Napoleon, SRQP-2627, and Cross Country.
- As usual, brinestock firmness (from the punch test) was only partially
correlated with texture (subjective rating from the judges), so the two
traits are measurements of different aspects of cucumber fruit firmness.
- Judges ranged from Crocker, who was the most liberal in quality ratings to
Hawley, who was the most conservative. Analysis of variance indicated
significant differences among judges for the way they rated fruit quality.
However, interaction of judge with cultigen was non-significant (all judges
gave good cultigens high ratings, and bad cultigens low ratings).
________________________
z Thanks to Mt. Olive Pickle Co., Mt. Olive, N.C. for assistance in brining the
cucumbers, and for providing the facilities for evaluating the cultigens tested.
Thanks also to the personnel at the Horticultural Crops Research Station,
Clinton, N.C. for help in running the field trials.
Table 1. Brinestock evaluation - quality ratings (cultigens are ranked by
average quality).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
Cultivar Seed Average Extrnal Text- Seed Uniform-
Rank or line source quality Shape color ure cell ity
_________________________________________________________________________________
1 WI6890Ax6813A Wis-USDA 6.2 4.8 6.6 6.4 7.0 6.3
2 Vlasstar(10489) Seminis 6.1 6.4 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.4
3 WI6846Ax6848A Wis-USDA 6.1 6.4 5.8 6.1 6.0 6.4
4 UW 00 78 Univ. Wis. 6.1 5.7 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.4
5 HMX-8461 Harris Moran 6.1 5.4 5.7 6.4 6.8 6.0
6 Jackson(3540) SunSeeds 5.9 6.1 6.7 5.4 5.3 6.0
7 UW 00 69 Univ. Wis. 5.8 5.7 6.4 5.7 5.4 5.9
8 UW 00 77 Univ. Wis. 5.8 5.3 6.4 5.8 5.7 5.9
9 SXQP-1882 SunSeeds 5.8 5.6 6.7 5.5 5.3 5.9
10 Johnston NCState Univ 5.8 5.7 6.5 5.6 5.3 5.9
11 Vlaspik Seminis 5.8 5.8 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.9
12 Raleigh NCState Univ 5.7 5.8 6.2 5.3 4.9 6.2
13 UW 00 R Univ. Wis. 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.3 5.2 6.0
14 Patton (3528) SunSeeds 5.6 5.4 6.8 5.2 5.0 5.6
15 Napoleon(3502) SunSeeds 5.5 5.7 6.7 5.2 4.2 5.9
16 UW 00 90 Univ. Wis. 5.5 4.8 6.6 5.5 4.7 6.0
17 WI6856Ax6760B Wis-USDA 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.6
18 Lafayette SunSeeds 5.4 5.3 6.2 5.3 4.8 5.5
19 Calypso NCState Univ 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.5 5.3 5.6
20 Palomino(1911) Seminis 5.3 4.9 6.0 5.3 4.9 5.5
21 HMX-3469 Harris Moran 5.3 4.4 5.9 5.4 5.1 5.4
22 SRQP-2627 SunSeeds 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.2 4.7 5.5
23 Royal Harris Moran 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.3 4.8 5.1
24 Akord(Bj1802) BejoSeeds 5.1 4.5 4.7 5.5 5.5 5.2
25 Wis.SMR 18 Univ. Wis. 5.1 4.6 4.4 5.4 5.5 5.3
26 Manteo NCState Univ 5.0 4.2 6.3 5.2 4.4 5.0
27 Alibi BejoSeeds 5.0 4.5 5.4 5.2 4.4 5.4
28 CrossCountry(4318 Harris Moran 4.8 4.6 5.1 5.0 4.4 5.0
_________________________________________________________________________________
LSD (5%) 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6
Mean 5.6 5.3 5.9 5.5 5.3 5.7
CV (%) 15.4 23.3 18.1 21.6 26.7 19.7
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (9=A+, 8=A, 7=A-, 6=B+, 5=B, 4=B-, 3=C, 2=D, 1=F).
Correlation (Shape with Uniformity) = 0.75**
Correlation (Texture with Seedcell) = 0.92**
Table 2. Brinestock evaluation - percentage of fruit damaged by bloaters
(cultigens are ranked by balloon bloater resistance).
_________________________________________________________________________________
Cultivar Seed Total Honey-
Rank or line source bloaters Balloon Lens comb
_________________________________________________________________________________
1 WI6890Ax6813A Wis-USDA 0 0 0 0
2 Vlasstar(10489) Seminis 0 0 0 0
3 WI6846Ax6848A Wis-USDA 0 0 0 0
4 UW 00 78 Univ. Wis. 0 0 0 0
5 UW 00 69 Univ. Wis. 0 0 0 0
6 UW 00 77 Univ. Wis. 0 0 0 0
7 Raleigh NCState Univ 0 0 0 0
8 UW 00 90 Univ. Wis. 0 0 0 0
9 Lafayette SunSeeds 0 0 0 0
10 Calypso NCState Univ 0 0 0 0
11 Wis.SMR 18 Univ. Wis. 0 0 0 0
12 HMX-8461 Harris Moran 0 0 0 0
13 Manteo NCState Univ 0 0 0 0
14 Palomino(1911) Seminis 1 0 0 1
15 Vlaspik Seminis 1 0 0 1
16 Johnston NCState Univ 2 0 0 2
17 WI6856Ax6760B Wis-USDA 2 0 0 2
18 UW 00 R Univ. Wis. 2 1 0 1
19 Alibi BejoSeeds 3 1 0 2
20 SXQP-1882 SunSeeds 2 2 0 0
21 Jackson(3540) SunSeeds 4 2 0 2
22 HMX-3469 Harris Moran 3 3 0 0
23 Akord(Bj1802) BejoSeeds 5 3 0 2
24 Royal Harris Moran 6 3 0 3
25 Patton (3528) SunSeeds 8 5 0 3
26 Napoleon(3502) SunSeeds 6 6 0 0
27 SRQP-2627 SunSeeds 6 6 0 0
28 CrossCountry(4318 Harris Moran 15 15 0 0
________________________________________________________________________________
LSD (5%) 7 7 - 2
Mean 2 2 0 1
CV (%) 153 200 - 183
_________________________________________________________________________________
Table 3. Brinestock evaluation - percentage of fruit damaged by defects
(cultigens are ranked by resistance to defects).
_________________________________________________________________________________
Blossom-
Cultivar Seed Total Placental end Soft
Rank or line source defects hollows defects centers
_________________________________________________________________________________
1 WI6890Ax6813A Wis-USDA 0 0 0 0
2 Akord(Bj1802) BejoSeeds 2 0 0 2
3 Vlasstar(10489) Seminis 3 0 0 3
4 WI6846Ax6848A Wis-USDA 3 0 0 3
5 Wis.SMR 18 Univ. Wis. 3 0 0 3
6 HMX-8461 Harris Moran 3 2 0 1
7 Johnston NCState Univ 3 0 0 3
8 UW 00 R Univ. Wis. 3 0 0 3
9 UW 00 78 Univ. Wis. 4 0 0 4
10 Raleigh NCState Univ 4 0 0 4
11 Palomino(1911) Seminis 4 0 0 4
12 UW 00 77 Univ. Wis. 4 0 1 3
13 Jackson(3540) SunSeeds 4 0 0 4
14 UW 00 69 Univ. Wis. 5 0 0 5
15 WI6856Ax6760B Wis-USDA 5 0 0 5
16 Alibi BejoSeeds 5 0 0 5
17 Patton (3528) SunSeeds 5 2 0 4
18 Vlaspik Seminis 6 1 0 5
19 SXQP-1882 SunSeeds 6 0 0 6
20 Calypso NCState Univ 6 0 0 6
21 HMX-3469 Harris Moran 6 0 0 6
22 Royal Harris Moran 6 0 0 6
23 SRQP-2627 SunSeeds 6 0 0 6
24 Lafayette SunSeeds 8 0 0 8
25 Napoleon(3502) SunSeeds 8 0 0 8
26 CrossCountry(4318 Harris Moran 9 0 0 9
27 UW 00 90 Univ. Wis. 10 0 0 10
28 Manteo NCState Univ 12 2 0 10
_________________________________________________________________________________
LSD (5%) 6 2 1 7
Mean 5 0 0 5
CV (%) 64 365 748 70
_________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4. Brinestock evaluation - firmness and texture of fruit, and resistance
to bloaters and defects (cultigens are ranked by firmness).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
Firm- Total
Cultivar Seed ness Text- bloaters Total Bal-
Rank or line source (lb.) ure & defects bloaters loon Defects
_________________________________________________________________________________
1 Wis.SMR 18 Univ. Wis. 17.3 5.4 3 0 0 3
2 UW 00 77 Univ. Wis. 17.1 5.8 4 0 0 4
3 Akord(Bj1802) BejoSeeds 16.5 5.5 7 5 3 2
4 Johnston NCState Univ 16.4 5.6 5 2 0 3
5 WI6890Ax6813A Wis-USDA 15.9 6.4 0 0 0 0
6 Calypso NCState Univ 15.8 5.5 6 0 0 6
7 Vlasstar(10489) Seminis 15.5 6.0 3 0 0 3
8 SRQP-2627 SunSeeds 15.5 5.2 12 6 6 6
9 HMX-8461 Harris Moran 15.4 6.4 3 0 0 3
10 UW 00 90 Univ. Wis. 15.4 5.5 10 0 0 10
11 CrossCountry(4318 Harris Moran 15.2 5.0 24 15 15 9
12 Vlaspik Seminis 15.1 5.6 7 1 0 6
13 UW 00 69 Univ. Wis. 14.9 5.7 5 0 0 5
14 UW 00 R Univ. Wis. 14.9 5.3 5 2 1 3
15 Alibi BejoSeeds 14.8 5.2 8 3 1 5
16 WI6856Ax6760B Wis-USDA 14.7 5.4 7 2 0 5
17 WI6846Ax6848A Wis-USDA 14.4 6.1 3 0 0 3
18 UW 00 78 Univ. Wis. 14.2 6.2 4 0 0 4
19 Royal Harris Moran 14.2 5.3 12 6 3 6
20 Patton (3528) SunSeeds 14.1 5.2 13 8 5 5
21 Lafayette SunSeeds 13.8 5.3 8 0 0 8
22 Manteo NCState Univ 13.8 5.2 12 0 0 12
23 Raleigh NCState Univ 13.7 5.3 4 0 0 4
24 HMX-3469 Harris Moran 13.6 5.4 9 3 3 6
25 Palomino(1911) Seminis 13.5 5.3 5 1 0 4
26 SXQP-1882 SunSeeds 13.0 5.5 7 2 2 6
27 Napoleon(3502) SunSeeds 12.6 5.2 14 6 6 8
28 Jackson(3540) SunSeeds 11.4 5.4 8 4 2 4
_________________________________________________________________________________
LSD (5%) 2.0 0.6 10 7 7 6
Mean 14.7 5.5 7 2 2 5
CV (%) 6.7 21.7 71 153 199 64
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Firmness determined by punch-testing (Magness-Taylor) 10 grade 2B fruits.
Correlation of Texture with: Firmness = 0.46**, Balloon = -0.50**
Correlation of Texture with: Honeycomb = -0.23*, Soft centers = -0.77**
Table 5. Brinestock evaluation - quality ratings assigned by the judges
(judges are ranked by leniency).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
Average External Seed Uniform-
Rank Judge quality Shape color Texture cell ity
_________________________________________________________________________________
1 Crocker 6.9 6.3 7.3 7.0 6.9 7.2
2 Quinn 6.1 5.6 6.3 6.7 4.9 7.0
3 Coghill 6.0 6.2 6.5 5.8 5.6 6.1
4 Denlinger 6.0 5.5 6.2 5.8 6.2 6.2
5 CCates 5.9 6.3 6.1 5.8 5.6 5.8
6 Smith 5.8 5.6 5.9 6.0 5.2 6.5
7 Suggs 5.7 5.3 6.1 5.9 5.6 5.6
8 Rankin 5.5 5.0 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.8
9 Quill 5.4 5.1 6.3 5.0 5.1 5.6
10 Jackson 5.3 5.1 5.9 5.1 5.1 5.4
11 Cain 5.3 5.7 5.9 5.1 4.4 5.5
12 Malloy 5.1 4.6 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2
13 Wojciak 4.9 4.6 5.3 4.8 5.1 4.9
14 Ware 4.8 4.3 5.6 5.2 4.4 4.6
15 Hawley 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.3 4.2 4.8
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (9=A+, 8=A, 7=A-, 6=B+, 5=B, 4=B-, 3=C, 2=D, 1=F).