Brinestock Evaluation

NCSU Cucumber Breeding Report - 2004cuke.gif

Todd C. Wehner
Professor

Tammy L. Ellington
Agric. Res. Tech. III


Department of Horticultural Science
North Carolina State University
            Raleigh, NC 27695-7609


Pickling Cucumbers
Brinestock Evaluation
Spring (Stage 3) Pickle Trial
Todd C. Wehner and Tammy L. Ellingtonz 
Department of Horticultural Science
North Carolina State University

Introduction
Cucumbers from harvests 3, 5 and 7 of the stage 3 spring pickling cucumber
trial were each placed in one brine tank at Mt. Olive Pickle Co.  The tanks
were purged with nitrogen to remove excess carbon dioxide from the brine.
Methods
The cultigens (cultivars and breeding lines) were evaluated for fruit quality
(shape, external color, texture, seedcell size, and lot uniformity), firmness,
bloaters, and other defects in October.  Quality was evaluated by judges from
industry:  Phil Denlinger, Lawrence Crocker, Bob Quinn, Tim Smith, and Nick
Flores (Mt. Olive), Eddie Quill, JW Jackson, and Nick Matthews (Dean Foods),
Curtiss Cates, John Cates, and Duncan Malloy (Addis Cates Co.), Steve Apol
(Toisnot), Chris Ware and Bill Rankin (Harris Moran), and Mike Cain (Sunseeds).
Fruit quality was evaluated using a rating system (that approximated letter
grades) from 1 to 9, where 9 = A+, 8 = A, 7 = A-, 6 = B+, 5 = B, 4 = B-, 3 = C,
2 = D, 1 = F.  Bloaters and defects were measured as percentage of fruits with
damage in a sample of 20 grade 3B fruits.  Firmness was measured by punching 10
grade 2B fruits with a Magness-Taylor tester (having a 5/16" diameter tip).  All
cultigens were randomized, replicated and coded to prevent bias and provide a
measure of error variance.
Fruit quality was evaluated using a rating system (that approximated letter
grades) from 1 to 9, where 9 = A+, 8 = A, 7 = A-, 6 = B+, 5 = B, 4 = B-, 3 = C,
2 = D, 1 = F.  Bloaters and defects were measured as percentage of fruits with
damage in a sample of 20 grade 3B fruits.  Firmness was measured by punching 10
grade 2B fruits with a Magness-Taylor tester (having a 5/16" diameter tip).  All
cultigens were randomized, replicated and coded to prevent bias and provide a
measure of error variance.
Results
The cultigens are presented in order by decreasing fruit quality in Table 1, and
are ranked for resistance to bloaters and defects in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
Fruit texture and firmness rankings are in Table 4.  The average quality ratings
assigned by each judge in the test are presented in Table 5, showing how lenient
each judge was relative to the others.  Because of low bloater incidence, the
bloater data showed few significant differences among cultigens.
Summary
- The cultigens with best fruit quality in brinestock were Vlasstar, HMX-1477,
  NC-Longhurst, Feisty, Calypso, Cross Country, NC-Davie, and Raleigh.
- Most cultigens were bloater resistant; several were susceptible: G5xNC-52,
  SRQP-3100, Colt and HMX-1477.
- The firmest cultigens were NC-Lexington, G5xNC-55, Vlasstar, Calypso, and
  Feisty.
- As usual, brinestock firmness (from the punch test) was only partially
  correlated with texture (subjective rating from the judges), so the two
  traits are measurements of different aspects of cucumber fruit firmness.
- Judges ranged from Crocker who assigned the highest quality ratings, to
  Cain who assigned the lowest.  Analysis of variance indicated significant
  differences among judges for the way they rated fruit quality.  However,
  interaction of judge with cultigen was non-significant (all judges gave
  good cultigens high ratings, and bad cultigens low ratings).
____________________________

z Thanks to Mt. Olive Pickle Co., Mt. Olive, N.C. for assistance in brining the
cucumbers, and for providing the facilities for evaluating the cultigens tested.
Thanks also to the personnel at the Horticultural Crops Research Station,
Clinton, N.C. for help in running the field trials.


Table 1.  Brinestock evaluation - quality ratings (cultigens are ranked by
average quality).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
         Cultivar          Seed       Average        Extrnal Text- Seed Uniform-
   Rank   or line         source      quality  Shape  color   ure  cell   ity
_________________________________________________________________________________
     1  Vlasstar(10489  Seminis         6.2     6.3    5.9   6.4   6.0   6.3
     2  Classy(1477)    Harris Moran    5.7     5.6    6.0   5.4   5.8   5.9
     3  NC-Longhurst(P  NCState Univ    5.7     5.4    5.2   5.8   6.2   6.0
     4  Feisty(9464)    Harris Moran    5.6     5.4    6.2   5.4   5.4   5.7
     5  Calypso         NCState Univ    5.6     5.3    5.4   5.7   5.7   6.0
     6  CrossCountry    Harris Moran    5.5     4.5    6.3   5.9   5.8   5.2
     7  NC-Davie        NCState Univ    5.4     5.1    5.7   5.6   5.4   5.4
     8  Raleigh         NCState Univ    5.4     5.1    5.8   5.4   5.2   5.4
     9  SVR045-06115    Seminis         5.4     4.5    5.6   5.7   5.8   5.3
    10  NCSU M 21       NCState Univ    5.3     4.7    5.8   5.5   5.4   5.0
    11  NC-Moriah       NCState Univ    5.3     4.3    5.6   5.6   5.2   5.8
    12  Bejo-2582       Bejo Seeds      5.3     5.2    5.3   5.4   5.2   5.2
    13  NC-Linda(P      NCState Univ    5.2     4.7    5.3   5.2   5.5   5.5
    14  NC-Duplin       NCState Univ    5.2     5.3    5.7   5.0   4.8   5.2
    15  SRQP-3100       SunSeeds        5.2     4.0    5.8   5.2   5.6   5.2
    16  NC-Longhurst    NCState Univ    5.1     4.2    5.8   5.0   4.9   5.8
    17  G5xNC-52        NCState Univ    5.1     5.1    5.8   4.4   4.7   5.6
    18  Sassy(9465)     Harris Moran    5.0     3.8    6.2   4.8   5.1   4.9
    19  Jackson(3540)   SunSeeds        5.0     4.5    6.0   4.7   4.5   5.2
    20  Wis.SMR 18      Univ. Wis.      4.9     4.7    3.8   5.5   5.5   5.2
    21  Colt            Seminis         4.9     4.1    6.0   4.8   5.0   4.8
    22  Palomino        Seminis         4.9     4.3    5.6   4.6   5.0   5.0
    23  NC-Lexington(P  NCState Univ    4.9     5.4    4.5   4.2   4.5   5.7
    24  SRQP-2913       SunSeeds        4.9     4.5    6.2   4.1   4.2   5.2
    25  SRQP-3129       SunSeeds        4.8     3.1    5.8   5.3   5.4   4.6
    26  NC-Lexington    NCState Univ    4.8     4.4    5.2   4.4   4.4   5.5
    27  G5xNC-55        NCState Univ    4.7     4.2    5.8   4.6   4.5   4.7
    28  NC-Merritt      NCState Univ    4.7     4.4    5.7   4.1   4.0   5.4
    29  SVR045-03228    Seminis         4.6     3.9    5.8   3.8   4.0   5.2
    30  NC-Linda        NCState Univ    4.5     3.9    5.4   3.8   3.8   5.4
    31  G4xNC-53        NCState Univ    4.4     3.4    5.4   4.2   4.2   5.0
    32  Johnston        NCState Univ    4.4     3.4    5.8   4.1   4.2   4.2
    33  G4xNC-52        NCState Univ    4.1     2.4    5.4   4.2   4.0   4.8
    34  Coolgreen       Seminis         4.0     3.5    5.1   3.1   3.1   5.0
_________________________________________________________________________________
        CV (%)                         16      25     15    29    26    22
        Mean                            5.1     4.5    5.6   4.9   4.9   5.3
        LSD (5%)                        0.3     0.5    0.3   0.6   0.5   0.5
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (9=A+, 8=A, 7=A-, 6=B+, 5=B, 4=B-, 3=C, 2=D, 1=F).
Correlation (Shape with Uniformity) = 0.76**
Correlation (Texture with Seedcell) = 0.94**


Table 2.  Brinestock evaluation - percentage of fruit damaged by bloaters
(cultigens are ranked by balloon bloater resistance).
_________________________________________________________________________________
           Cultivar            Seed          Total                       Honey-
   Rank     or line           source        bloaters   Balloon   Lens     comb
_________________________________________________________________________________
     1    NC-Longhurst(P    NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     2    Raleigh           NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     3    NC-Linda(P        NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     4    NC-Longhurst      NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     5    Jackson(3540)     SunSeeds            0         0        0        0
     6    Wis.SMR 18        Univ. Wis.          0         0        0        0
     7    NC-Lexington      NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     8    NC-Linda          NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     9    Johnston          NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
    10    G4xNC-52          NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
    11    Coolgreen         Seminis             1         0        1        0
    12    SRQP-2913         SunSeeds            1         0        1        0
    13    NC-Merritt        NCState Univ        1         0        1        0
    14    CrossCountry      Harris Moran        0         0        0        0
    15    Sassy(9465)       Harris Moran        0         0        0        0
    16    NC-Lexington(P    NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
    17    G5xNC-55          NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
    18    Calypso           NCState Univ        1         0        1        0
    19    Bejo-2582         Bejo Seeds          1         0        1        0
    20    SVR045-06115      Seminis             1         0        1        0
    21    NC-Davie          NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
    22    NCSU M 21         NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
    23    Vlasstar(10489    Seminis             0         0        0        0
    24    Feisty(9464)      Harris Moran        0         0        0        0
    25    Palomino          Seminis             0         0        0        0
    26    NC-Duplin         NCState Univ        1         1        0        0
    27    NC-Moriah         NCState Univ        2         1        1        0
    28    G4xNC-53          NCState Univ        1         1        0        0
    29    SRQP-3129         SunSeeds            1         1        0        0
    30    SVR045-03228      Seminis             1         1        0        0
    31    G5xNC-52          NCState Univ        3         3        0        0
    32    SRQP-3100         SunSeeds            4         4        0        0
    33    Colt              Seminis             5         4        1        0
    34    Classy(1477)      Harris Moran        5         5        0        0
_________________________________________________________________________________
          CV (%)                              213       249      335        .
          Mean                                  1         1        0        0
          LSD (5%)                              3         2        1        .
_________________________________________________________________________________


Table 3.  Brinestock evaluation - percentage of fruit damaged by defects
(cultigens are ranked by resistance to defects).
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                                               Blossom-
            Cultivar            Seed          Total  Placental   end     Soft
    Rank     or line           source        defects  hollows  defects  centers
_________________________________________________________________________________
      1    NC-Longhurst(P    NCState Univ        0        0       0        0
      2    Wis.SMR 18        Univ. Wis.          1        0       0        1
      3    CrossCountry      Harris Moran        1        1       0        0
      4    NC-Moriah         NCState Univ        1        0       0        1
      5    NC-Linda(P        NCState Univ        1        0       0        1
      6    Calypso           NCState Univ        1        1       0        1
      7    Raleigh           NCState Univ        2        0       0        2
      8    NC-Longhurst      NCState Univ        2        0       0        2
      9    SVR045-06115      Seminis             2        1       0        1
     10    Classy(1477)      Harris Moran        2        1       0        1
     11    Sassy(9465)       Harris Moran        2        1       0        2
     12    Vlasstar(10489    Seminis             2        2       0        0
     13    Johnston          NCState Univ        3        0       0        3
     14    G5xNC-55          NCState Univ        3        1       0        2
     15    NCSU M 21         NCState Univ        3        2       0        1
     16    NC-Merritt        NCState Univ        3        0       0        3
     17    Jackson(3540)     SunSeeds            3        0       0        3
     18    SRQP-3129         SunSeeds            3        2       0        1
     19    Bejo-2582         Bejo Seeds          3        1       0        3
     20    NC-Duplin         NCState Univ        3        2       0        1
     21    G4xNC-53          NCState Univ        3        1       0        2
     22    NC-Lexington      NCState Univ        4        0       0        4
     23    SRQP-3100         SunSeeds            4        2       0        2
     24    NC-Linda          NCState Univ        4        0       0        4
     25    NC-Lexington(P    NCState Univ        4        1       0        4
     26    NC-Davie          NCState Univ        5        2       0        3
     27    G5xNC-52          NCState Univ        5        1       0        3
     28    Colt              Seminis             5        3       0        1
     29    Feisty(9464)      Harris Moran        5        3       1        1
     30    Palomino          Seminis             7        3       0        3
     31    G4xNC-52          NCState Univ        7        0       0        7
     32    SVR045-03228      Seminis             7        0       0        7
     33    SRQP-2913         SunSeeds            9        0       0        9
     34    Coolgreen         Seminis            11        0       0       11
_________________________________________________________________________________
           CV (%)                               99      159    1010      119
           Mean                                  3        1       0        3
           LSD (5%)                              6        2       0        5
_________________________________________________________________________________


Table 4.  Brinestock evaluation - firmness and texture of fruit, and resistance
to bloaters and defects (cultigens are ranked by firmness).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                     Firm-         Total
        Cultivar           Seed      ness  Text-  bloaters  Total   Bal-
 Rank    or line          source     (lb.)  ure  & defects bloaters loon  Defects
_________________________________________________________________________________
    1  NC-Lexington    NCState Univ   20.6   4.4      4       0       0       4
    2  G5xNC-55        NCState Univ   20.4   4.6      3       0       0       3
    3  Vlasstar(10489  Seminis        20.2   6.4      3       0       0       2
    4  Calypso         NCState Univ   19.4   5.7      2       1       0       1
    5  Feisty(9464)    Harris Moran   19.4   5.4      5       0       0       5
    6  NCSU M 21       NCState Univ   19.3   5.5      3       0       0       3
    7  Wis.SMR 18      Univ. Wis.     19.2   5.5      1       0       0       1
    8  Palomino        Seminis        18.8   4.6      7       0       0       7
    9  NC-Longhurst    NCState Univ   18.8   5.0      2       0       0       2
   10  NC-Duplin       NCState Univ   18.8   5.0      4       1       1       3
   11  Johnston        NCState Univ   18.6   4.1      3       0       0       3
   12  NC-Lexington(P  NCState Univ   18.6   4.2      4       0       0       4
   13  NC-Longhurst(P  NCState Univ   18.1   5.8      0       0       0       0
   14  SVR045-06115    Seminis        18.0   5.7      3       1       0       2
   15  Bejo-2582       Bejo Seeds     18.0   5.4      4       1       0       3
   16  NC-Davie        NCState Univ   17.9   5.6      5       0       0       5
   17  Raleigh         NCState Univ   17.8   5.4      2       0       0       2
   18  Colt            Seminis        17.8   4.8     10       5       4       5
   19  CrossCountry    Harris Moran   17.8   5.9      1       0       0       1
   20  G4xNC-53        NCState Univ   17.6   4.2      4       1       1       3
   21  SRQP-3129       SunSeeds       17.4   5.3      4       1       1       3
   22  SRQP-3100       SunSeeds       16.8   5.2      8       4       4       4
   23  NC-Moriah       NCState Univ   16.7   5.6      2       2       1       1
   24  NC-Merritt      NCState Univ   16.6   4.1      4       1       0       3
   25  Sassy(9465)     Harris Moran   16.4   4.8      2       0       0       2
   26  G5xNC-52        NCState Univ   16.3   4.4      7       3       3       5
   27  G4xNC-52        NCState Univ   16.1   4.2      7       0       0       7
   28  NC-Linda        NCState Univ   16.0   3.8      4       0       0       4
   29  NC-Linda(P      NCState Univ   15.6   5.2      1       0       0       1
   30  Jackson(3540)   SunSeeds       15.3   4.7      3       0       0       3
   31  Classy(1477)    Harris Moran   15.2   5.4      7       5       5       2
   32  SVR045-03228    Seminis        14.9   3.8      9       1       1       7
   33  SRQP-2913       SunSeeds       14.4   4.1     10       1       0       9
   34  Coolgreen       Seminis        10.3   3.1     12       1       0      11
_________________________________________________________________________________
       CV (%)                          7.8  29       97     213     249      99
       Mean                           17.4   4.9      4       1       1       3
       LSD (5%)                                       7       3       2       6
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Firmness determined by punch-testing (Magness-Taylor) 10 grade 2B fruits.
Correlation of Texture with: Firmness = 0.32**,  Balloon = -0.09ns
Correlation of Texture with: Honeycomb = ????ns, Soft centers = -0.68**


Table 5.  Brinestock evaluation - quality ratings assigned by the judges
(judges are ranked by leniency).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                          Average           External           Seed   Uniform-
      Rank    Judge       quality    Shape    color  Texture   cell     ity
_________________________________________________________________________________
        1    Crocker        5.8       5.5      6.7     4.9     6.1     5.9
        2    Smith          5.5       5.2      5.9     5.3     5.2     6.2
        3    Jackson        5.4       4.5      5.5     5.5     5.6     6.0
        4    Rankin         5.4       4.9      6.1     5.3     5.3     5.3
        5    Denlinger      5.3       4.7      6.1     5.1     5.0     5.6
        6    Quill          5.3       4.2      6.3     5.1     5.2     5.8
        7    Cates,C        5.3       5.5      6.0     4.8     4.8     5.4
        8    Apol           5.2       5.2      5.2     5.2     5.2     5.2
        9    Flores         5.2       4.2      5.4     5.2     5.1     5.9
       10    Matthews       5.1       4.8      5.7     5.7     4.9     4.4
       11    Malloy         4.8       4.7      5.2     4.6     4.8     4.7
       12    Quinn          4.7       3.9      5.3     4.0     3.3     7.0
       13    Ware           4.7       3.8      5.5     5.4     5.0     3.7
       14    Cates,J        4.5       3.3      4.8     4.3     5.3     4.9
       15    Cain           3.6       3.3      4.3     3.2     3.5     3.7
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (9=A+, 8=A, 7=A-, 6=B+, 5=B, 4=B-, 3=C, 2=D, 1=F).