Brinestock Evaluation

NCSU Cucumber Breeding Report - 2007cuke.gif

Todd C. Wehner
Professor

Tammy L. Ellington
Agric. Res. Tech. III


Department of Horticultural Science
North Carolina State University
            Raleigh, NC 27695-7609


Pickling Cucumbers
Brinestock Evaluation
Spring (Stage 3) Pickle Trial

Todd C. Wehner and Tammy L. Ellington z 
Department of Horticultural Science
North Carolina State University

Introduction
Cucumbers from harvests 3, 5 and 6 of the stage 3 spring pickling cucumber
trial were each placed in one brine tank at Mt. Olive Pickle Co.  The tanks
were purged with nitrogen to remove excess carbon dioxide from the brine.

Methods
The cultigens (cultivars and breeding lines) were evaluated for fruit quality
(shape, external color, texture, seedcell size, and lot uniformity), firmness,
bloaters, and other defects in October.  Quality was evaluated by judges from
industry:  Jimmy Davis, Henry Woods, Bob Quinn, and Nick Flores (Mt. Olive),
Eddie Quill and Chris Whitley (Bay Valley), John Cates (Addis Cates Co.),
Steve Apol (Toisnot), Dan Bader (Carolina's Best), Thomas Joyner (Nash Produce),
and Chris Ware (Harris Moran).

Fruit quality was evaluated using a rating system (that approximated letter
grades) from 1 to 9, where 9 = A+, 8 = A, 7 = A-, 6 = B+, 5 = B, 4 = B-, 3 = C,
2 = D, 1 = F.  Bloaters and defects were measured as percentage of fruits with
damage in a sample of 20 grade 3B fruits.  Firmness was measured by punching 10
grade 2B fruits with a Magness-Taylor tester (having a 5/16" diameter tip).  All
cultigens were randomized, replicated and coded to prevent bias and provide a
measure of error variance.

Results
The cultigens are presented in order by decreasing fruit quality in Table 1, and
are ranked for resistance to bloaters and defects in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
Fruit texture and firmness rankings are in Table 4.  The average quality ratings
assigned by each judge in the test are presented in Table 5, showing how lenient
each judge was relative to the others.  Because of low bloater incidence, the
bloater data showed few significant differences among cultigens.

Summary
- The cultigens with best fruit quality in brinestock were NC-Danbury,
  NC-Lexington, NC-Longhurst, Atlantis, Cates, NC-Leland, Calypso, Johnston,
  and Pershing.
- Most cultigens were bloater resistant; several were susceptible: NC-Dixon.
- The firmest cultigens were NC-Danbury, Exp06-3566, Sumter, Exp06-3565,
  Atlantis, and HS-500.
- As usual, brinestock firmness (from the punch test) was only partially
  correlated with texture (subjective rating from the judges), so the two
  traits are measurements of different aspects of cucumber fruit firmness.
- Judges ranged from Apol who assigned the highest quality ratings, to
  Woods who assigned the lowest.  Analysis of variance indicated significant
  differences among judges for the way they rated fruit quality.  However,
  interaction of judge with cultigen was non-significant (the judges agreed
  on which were good cultigens, and which were bad cultigens).

____________________________
z Thanks to Mt. Olive Pickle Co., Mt. Olive, N.C. for assistance in brining the
cucumbers, and for providing the facilities for evaluating the cultigens tested.
Thanks also to the personnel at the Horticultural Crops Research Station,
Clinton, N.C. for help in running the field trials.



Table 1.  Brinestock evaluation - quality ratings (cultigens are ranked by
average quality).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
         Cultivar          Seed       Average        Extrnal Text- Seed Uniform-
   Rank   or line         source      quality  Shape  color   ure  cell   ity
_________________________________________________________________________________
     1  NC-Danbury       NCStateUniv    6.3     6.2    6.0    6.2   6.4   6.6
     2  NC-Lexington2    NCStateUniv    5.8     6.1    6.1    5.4   5.3   6.2
     3  NC-Longhurst     NCStateUniv    5.7     5.9    6.1    5.1   5.2   6.3
     4  Atlantis         Bejo Seeds     5.6     4.8    5.8    5.6   5.6   6.2
     5  Cates            Nunhems        5.6     5.1    5.5    5.7   5.5   6.1
     6  NC-Leland(P)     NCStateUniv    5.6     5.6    5.2    5.5   5.6   6.0
     7  Calypso          NCStateUniv    5.6     5.5    5.5    5.5   5.4   5.8
     8  Johnston         NCStateUniv    5.5     5.2    5.7    5.5   5.6   5.7
     9  Pershing         Nunhems        5.5     4.9    5.7    5.7   5.5   5.7
    10  NC-Leland        NCStateUniv    5.5     5.7    5.6    5.1   5.1   6.0
    11  Sumter           ClemsonUniv    5.5     5.0    5.2    5.5   5.8   5.8
    12  Exp06-3558       Bejo Seeds     5.4     5.1    5.8    5.1   5.2   6.0
    13  NC-Denton        NCStateUniv    5.4     4.8    5.5    5.5   5.4   5.9
    14  Vlaspik          Seminis        5.4     5.2    5.5    5.3   5.2   5.9
    15  NC-Longhurst(P)  NCStateUniv    5.4     5.4    5.1    5.4   5.1   6.0
    16  Exp06-3565       Bejo Seeds     5.4     5.1    5.8    5.0   5.0   5.9
    17  LB-17            Baker Seeds    5.4     4.5    5.2    5.5   5.7   5.8
    18  HS-500           HortAg Seed    5.3     5.2    4.6    5.3   5.8   5.7
    19  Starex           Baker Seeds    5.3     4.6    5.2    5.3   5.8   5.8
    20  Exp06-3566       Bejo Seeds     5.3     5.0    5.8    5.1   4.8   5.9
    21  NC-Davie         ZeraimGdera    5.3     5.0    5.5    5.2   5.0   5.8
    22  Ballerina(P)     Nunhems        5.3     4.9    5.2    5.2   5.4   5.7
    23  Feisty(9464)     HarrisMoran    5.3     5.1    5.7    4.9   5.0   5.7
    24  Crispina         Nunhems        5.3     5.1    5.4    5.1   4.9   5.7
    25  NC-Moriah        NCStateUniv    5.2     4.8    5.1    5.4   5.4   5.5
    26  Crispina(P)      Nunhems        5.2     5.1    5.3    5.1   5.1   5.7
    27  MacArthur        Nunhems        5.2     4.6    5.6    5.3   5.1   5.5
    28  NC-Dawson        NCStateUniv    5.2     4.8    5.5    5.2   5.1   5.5
    29  PX0496-4769      Seminis        5.2     4.9    5.6    5.1   5.2   5.4
    30  NC-Dixon         NCStateUniv    5.2     4.9    5.3    4.7   5.2   5.9
    31  Wainwright       Nunhems        5.2     4.5    5.5    5.2   5.2   5.6
    32  NC-Duplin        NCStateUniv    5.2     4.9    5.2    4.9   5.1   5.8
    33  Jackson(3540)    Nunhems        5.1     5.1    5.7    4.5   4.4   5.7
    34  H-19             Univ. Ark.     5.1     5.5    5.2    4.6   4.7   5.3
    35  Ballerina        Nunhems        5.1     4.6    5.2    4.8   4.8   5.9
    36  HMX-5406         HarrisMoran    5.0     4.3    5.3    5.2   4.8   5.5
    37  NC-Lexington(P)  NCStateUniv    5.0     4.6    4.6    5.1   5.2   5.4
    38  Wis.SMR 18       Univ. Wis.     4.9     4.3    4.8    4.9   5.0   5.5
    39  Raleigh          NCStateUniv    4.8     4.2    5.2    5.0   4.7   5.3
    40  PX0496-4729      Seminis        4.8     4.4    5.5    4.6   4.2   5.4
    41  Coolgreen        Check          4.5     4.1    4.8    4.1   3.8   5.5
    42  NC-Merritt       NCStateUniv    4.2     3.0    4.6    4.0   3.6   5.6
_________________________________________________________________________________
        CV (%)                         13      19     14     20    22    15
        Mean                            5.3     4.9    5.4   5.2    5.1   5.8
        LSD (5%)                        0.3     0.5    0.4   0.5    0.6   0.4
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (9=A+, 8=A, 7=A-, 6=B+, 5=B, 4=B-, 3=C, 2=D, 1=F).
Correlation (Shape with Uniformity) = 0.60**
Correlation (Texture with Seedcell) = 0.91**



Table 2.  Brinestock evaluation - percentage of fruit damaged by bloaters
(cultigens are ranked by balloon bloater resistance).
_________________________________________________________________________________
           Cultivar            Seed          Total                       Honey-
   Rank     or line           source        bloaters   Balloon   Lens     comb
_________________________________________________________________________________
     1    NC-Lexington2      NCStateUniv        0         0        0        0
     2    NC-Longhurst       NCStateUniv        0         0        0        0
     3    Cates              Nunhems            0         0        0        0
     4    NC-Leland(P)       NCStateUniv        0         0        0        0
     5    NC-Leland          NCStateUniv        0         0        0        0
     6    NC-Longhurst(P)    NCStateUniv        0         0        0        0
     7    Crispina           Nunhems            0         0        0        0
     8    NC-Dawson          NCStateUniv        0         0        0        0
     9    NC-Lexington(P)    NCStateUniv        0         0        0        0
    10    Coolgreen          Check              0         0        0        0
    11    Starex             Baker Seeds        2         0        2        0
    12    HS-500             HortAg Seed        1         0        1        0
    13    Calypso            NCStateUniv        0         0        0        0
    14    Crispina(P)        Nunhems            0         0        0        0
    15    Sumter             ClemsonUniv        0         0        0        0
    16    LB-17              Baker Seeds        0         0        0        0
    17    Ballerina          Nunhems            0         0        0        0
    18    NC-Merritt         NCStateUniv        0         0        0        0
    19    Vlaspik            Seminis            1         0        1        0
    20    H-19               Univ. Ark.         0         0        0        0
    21    Pershing           Nunhems            0         0        0        0
    22    Exp06-3565         Bejo Seeds         1         1        0        0
    23    NC-Danbury         NCStateUniv        1         1        0        0
    24    NC-Moriah          NCStateUniv        1         1        0        0
    25    NC-Davie           ZeraimGdera        1         1        0        0
    26    Feisty(9464)       HarrisMoran        1         1        0        0
    27    Atlantis           Bejo Seeds         1         1        0        0
    28    Johnston           NCStateUniv        1         1        0        0
    29    MacArthur          Nunhems            1         1        0        0
    30    HMX-5406           HarrisMoran        1         1        0        0
    31    PX0496-4769        Seminis            2         1        1        0
    32    Ballerina(P)       Nunhems            1         1        0        0
    33    Exp06-3566         Bejo Seeds         1         1        0        0
    34    NC-Denton          NCStateUniv        1         1        0        0
    35    Raleigh            NCStateUniv        1         1        0        0
    36    Jackson(3540)      Nunhems            2         2        0        0
    37    Wis.SMR 18         Univ. Wis.         2         2        0        0
    38    Exp06-3558         Bejo Seeds         2         2        0        0
    39    Wainwright         Nunhems            2         2        0        0
    40    PX0496-4729        Seminis            3         3        0        0
    41    NC-Duplin          NCStateUniv        3         3        0        0
    42    NC-Dixon           NCStateUniv        8         8        0        0
_________________________________________________________________________________
          CV (%)                              168       185      444        -
          Mean                                  1         1        0        0
          LSD (5%)                              3         3        1        -
_________________________________________________________________________________



Table 3.  Brinestock evaluation - percentage of fruit damaged by defects
(cultigens are ranked by resistance to defects).
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                                               Blossom-
            Cultivar            Seed          Total  Placental   end     Soft
    Rank     or line           source        defects  hollows  defects  centers
_________________________________________________________________________________
      1    NC-Danbury         NCStateUniv        1        1       0       0
      2    Starex             Baker Seeds        1        0       0       1
      3    Wis.SMR 18         Univ. Wis.         1        0       1       0
      4    NC-Leland(P)       NCStateUniv        1        0       0       1
      5    NC-Leland          NCStateUniv        1        0       0       1
      6    NC-Lexington(P)    NCStateUniv        1        0       0       1
      7    HS-500             HortAg Seed        1        0       0       1
      8    Cates              Nunhems            1        0       0       1
      9    Crispina           Nunhems            1        0       0       1
     10    Calypso            NCStateUniv        1        1       0       1
     11    LB-17              Baker Seeds        1        1       0       0
     12    NC-Moriah          NCStateUniv        1        1       0       1
     13    Sumter             ClemsonUniv        2        1       1       0
     14    Pershing           Nunhems            2        0       0       2
     15    NC-Dawson          NCStateUniv        2        0       0       2
     16    Exp06-3565         Bejo Seeds         2        0       0       2
     17    Johnston           NCStateUniv        2        2       0       0
     18    Wainwright         Nunhems            2        2       0       0
     19    Ballerina          Nunhems            2        1       0       1
     20    Vlaspik            Seminis            2        1       1       0
     21    NC-Davie           ZeraimGdera        2        1       0       1
     22    MacArthur          Nunhems            2        2       0       1
     23    Jackson(3540)      Nunhems            2        0       0       2
     24    Exp06-3558         Bejo Seeds         2        0       1       1
     25    Feisty(9464)       HarrisMoran        3        1       0       2
     26    Exp06-3566         Bejo Seeds         3        2       0       1
     27    Crispina(P)        Nunhems            3        1       0       2
     28    NC-Lexington2      NCStateUniv        3        0       1       3
     29    Atlantis           Bejo Seeds         3        2       1       0
     30    Ballerina(P)       Nunhems            3        1       1       1
     31    PX0496-4729        Seminis            3        1       0       3
     32    NC-Longhurst(P)    NCStateUniv        4        0       0       4
     33    NC-Denton          NCStateUniv        4        2       1       1
     34    Raleigh            NCStateUniv        4        3       0       1
     35    PX0496-4769        Seminis            4        3       0       1
     36    H-19               Univ. Ark.         5        3       0       2
     37    HMX-5406           HarrisMoran        5        3       0       2
     38    NC-Duplin          NCStateUniv        5        3       2       0
     39    NC-Merritt         NCStateUniv        5        1       0       4
     40    NC-Dixon           NCStateUniv        5        3       2       0
     41    NC-Longhurst       NCStateUniv        7        0       0       7
     42    Coolgreen          Check              7        0       0       7
_________________________________________________________________________________
           CV (%)                              114        -     109     174
           Mean                                  3        0       0       1
           LSD (5%)                              5        2       1       4
_________________________________________________________________________________



Table 4.  Brinestock evaluation - firmness and texture of fruit, and resistance
to bloaters and defects (cultigens are ranked by firmness).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                     Firm-         Total
        Cultivar           Seed      ness  Text-  bloaters  Total   Bal-
 Rank    or line          source     (lb.)  ure  & defects bloaters loon  Defects
_________________________________________________________________________________
    1  NC-Danbury       NCStateUniv   21.9   6.2      1       1       1       1
    2  Exp06-3566       Bejo Seeds    21.5   5.1      4       1       1       3
    3  Sumter           ClemsonUniv   21.4   5.5      2       0       0       2
    4  Exp06-3565       Bejo Seeds    21.3   5.0      3       1       1       2
    5  Atlantis         Bejo Seeds    21.2   5.6      4       1       1       3
    6  HS-500           HortAg Seed   21.2   5.3      2       1       0       1
    7  Johnston         NCStateUniv   20.7   5.5      3       1       1       2
    8  Vlaspik          Seminis       20.7   5.3      3       1       0       2
    9  Exp06-3558       Bejo Seeds    20.6   5.1      4       2       2       2
   10  LB-17            Baker Seeds   20.4   5.5      1       0       0       1
   11  NC-Dixon         NCStateUniv   20.2   4.7     13       8       8       5
   12  H-19             Univ. Ark.    20.2   4.6      5       0       0       5
   13  HMX-5406         HarrisMoran   20.1   5.2      6       1       1       5
   14  NC-Longhurst     NCStateUniv   20.0   5.1      7       0       0       7
   15  Ballerina        Nunhems       19.9   4.8      2       0       0       2
   16  NC-Lexington2    NCStateUniv   19.8   5.4      3       0       0       3
   17  NC-Denton        NCStateUniv   19.8   5.5      5       1       1       4
   18  Feisty(9464)     HarrisMoran   19.6   4.9      4       1       1       3
   19  NC-Duplin        NCStateUniv   19.6   4.9      8       3       3       5
   20  PX0496-4729      Seminis       19.2   4.6      6       3       3       3
   21  Wis.SMR 18       Univ. Wis.    19.2   4.9      3       2       2       1
   22  NC-Leland        NCStateUniv   18.9   5.1      1       0       0       1
   23  NC-Leland(P)     NCStateUniv   18.9   5.5      1       0       0       1
   24  MacArthur        Nunhems       18.9   5.3      3       1       1       2
   25  Cates            Nunhems       18.8   5.7      1       0       0       1
   26  Raleigh          NCStateUniv   18.8   5.0      5       1       1       4
   27  Crispina(P)      Nunhems       18.8   5.1      3       0       0       3
   28  PX0496-4769      Seminis       18.7   5.1      6       2       1       4
   29  NC-Lexington(P)  NCStateUniv   18.7   5.1      1       0       0       1
   30  NC-Merritt       NCStateUniv   18.7   4.0      5       0       0       5
   31  Calypso          NCStateUniv   18.7   5.5      1       0       0       1
   32  Crispina         Nunhems       18.5   5.1      1       0       0       1
   33  Pershing         Nunhems       18.5   5.7      2       0       0       2
   34  NC-Dawson        NCStateUniv   18.4   5.2      2       0       0       2
   35  NC-Moriah        NCStateUniv   18.4   5.4      2       1       1       1
   36  Wainwright       Nunhems       18.3   5.2      4       2       2       2
   37  Starex           Baker Seeds   18.2   5.3      2       2       0       1
   38  Ballerina(P)     Nunhems       18.1   5.2      5       1       1       3
   39  NC-Longhurst(P)  NCStateUniv   17.6   5.4      4       0       0       4
   40  NC-Davie         ZeraimGdera   17.1   5.2      3       1       1       2
   41  Jackson(3540)    Nunhems       16.5   4.5      4       2       2       2
   42  Coolgreen        Check         12.6   4.1      7       0       0       7
_________________________________________________________________________________
       CV (%)                          6     20      90     168     185     114
       Mean                           19.2   5.2      4       1       1       3
       LSD (5%)                              0.5      5       3       3       5
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Firmness determined by punch-testing (Magness-Taylor) 10 grade 2B fruits.
Correlation of Texture with: Firmness = 0.12ns,  Balloon = -0.20*
Correlation of Texture with: Honeycomb = ns, Soft centers = -0.59**



Table 5.  Brinestock evaluation - quality ratings assigned by the judges
(judges are ranked by leniency).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                          Average           External           Seed   Uniform-
      Rank    Judge       quality    Shape    color  Texture   cell     ity
_________________________________________________________________________________
         1    Apol         6.9       6.5      7.1     7.1     6.8     7.1
         2    Davis        6.7       6.5      6.6     6.9     6.8     6.6
         3    Whitley      6.2       6.1      6.2     5.9     6.2     6.6
         4    Quill        5.7       5.1      6.2     5.5     5.9     6.0
         5    Joyner       5.3       5.6      5.4     5.0     4.7     5.5
         6    Ware         5.1       3.9      5.5     5.3     5.2     5.6
         7    Flores       4.9       4.5      4.8     4.6     4.9     5.7
         8    Cates        4.8       4.5      4.8     4.7     4.8     5.1
         9    Bader        4.6       4.7      4.9     4.5     4.0     4.9
        10    Quinn        4.3       3.8      4.3     3.3     3.3     7.1
        11    Woods        3.6       3.2      3.7     4.0     4.0     3.2
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (9=A+, 8=A, 7=A-, 6=B+, 5=B, 4=B-, 3=C, 2=D, 1=F).