Brinestock Evaluation

NCSU Cucumber Breeding Report - 2008cuke.gif

Todd C. Wehner
Professor

Tammy L. Ellington
Research Specialist


Department of Horticultural Science
North Carolina State University
            Raleigh, NC 27695-7609


Pickling Cucumbers
Brinestock Evaluation
Spring (Stage 3) Pickle Trial

Todd C. Wehner and Tammy L. Ellington z 
Department of Horticultural Science
North Carolina State University

Introduction
Cucumbers from harvests 3, 5 and 6 of the stage 3 spring pickling cucumber
trial were each placed in one brine tank at Mt. Olive Pickle Co.  The tanks
were purged with nitrogen to remove excess carbon dioxide from the brine.

Methods
The cultigens (cultivars and breeding lines) were evaluated for fruit quality
(shape, external color, texture, seedcell size, and lot uniformity), firmness,
bloaters, and other defects in October.  Quality was evaluated by judges from
industry:  Phil Denlinger, Henry Woods, Bob Quinn, and Lisa Moeller (Mt. Olive),
Eddie Quill, Darrell Hawley, JW Jackson, and Rickey Jackson (Bay Valley),
Steve Apol (Toisnot), Dan Bader (Carolina's Best), Thomas Joyner (Nash Produce),
Sara Walpole (Nunhems) and Chris Ware (Harris Moran).

Fruit quality was evaluated using a rating system (that approximated letter
grades) from 1 to 9, where 9 = A+, 8 = A, 7 = A-, 6 = B+, 5 = B, 4 = B-, 3 = C,
2 = D, 1 = F.  Bloaters and defects were measured as percentage of fruits with
damage in a sample of 20 grade 3B fruits.  Firmness was measured by punching 10
grade 2B fruits with a Magness-Taylor tester (having a 5/16" diameter tip).  All
cultigens were randomized, replicated and coded to prevent bias and provide a
measure of error variance.

Results
The cultigens are presented in order by decreasing fruit quality in Table 1, and
are ranked for resistance to bloaters and defects in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
Fruit texture and firmness rankings are in Table 4.  The average quality ratings
assigned by each judge in the test are presented in Table 5, showing how lenient
each judge was relative to the others.  Because of low bloater incidence, the
bloater data showed few significant differences among cultigens.

Summary
- The cultigens with best fruit quality in brinestock were Exp06-3566,
  NC-Danbury, Exp06-3575, NC-Duplin, Feisty, Exp07-5654, Raleigh,
  CrossCountry, Exp06-3589, EGP-410, and EGP-411.
- Most cultigens were bloater resistant; several were susceptible: Colt,
  and EX147-27140.
- The firmest cultigens were Treasure, Johnston, LB-27, Vlaspik, EGP-410,
  NC-Lexington, Sumter, Exp07-5654, Exp06-3566, and Vlasspear.
- As usual, brinestock firmness (from the punch test) was only partially
  correlated with texture (subjective rating from the judges), so the two
  traits are measurements of different aspects of cucumber fruit firmness.
- Judges ranged from Denlinger who assigned the highest quality ratings, to
  Jackson who assigned the lowest.  Analysis of variance indicated significant
  differences among judges for the way they rated fruit quality.  However,
  interaction of judge with cultigen was non-significant (the judges agreed
  on which were good cultigens, and which were bad cultigens).

____________________________
z Thanks to Mt. Olive Pickle Co., Mt. Olive, N.C. for assistance in brining the
cucumbers, and for providing the facilities for evaluating the cultigens tested.
Thanks also to the personnel at the Horticultural Crops Research Station,
Clinton, N.C. for help in running the field trials.

 
Table 1.  Brinestock evaluation - quality ratings (cultigens are ranked by
average quality).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
      Cultivar          Seed        Average          Extrnal Text-  Seed Uniform-
Rank   or line         source       quality   Shape   color   ure   cell    ity
_________________________________________________________________________________
  1   Exp06-3566     Bejo Seeds       6.1      5.6     5.7    6.5    6.5    6.2
  2   NC-Danbury     NCState Univ     6.0      5.8     6.0    6.2    6.0    6.1
  3   Exp06-3575     Bejo Seeds       5.9      5.4     5.9    6.4    6.2    5.7
  4   NC-Duplin      NCState Univ     5.7      5.5     5.8    5.6    5.6    5.7
  5   Feisty         Harris Moran     5.6      5.3     5.8    5.7    5.6    5.7
  6   Exp07-5654     Bejo Seeds       5.6      5.3     5.8    5.6    5.5    5.6
  7   Raleigh        NCState Univ     5.5      5.2     5.8    5.7    5.5    5.5
  8   CrossCountry   Harris Moran     5.5      5.5     5.7    5.5    5.4    5.5
  9   Exp06-3589     Bejo Seeds       5.5      4.7     5.3    6.0    6.0    5.4
 10   EGP-410        EmeraldSeeds     5.5      5.2     5.4    5.8    5.5    5.5
 11   EGP-411        EmeraldSeeds     5.5      5.2     5.8    5.4    5.3    5.6
 12   NC-Leland      NCState Univ     5.4      6.2     6.3    4.4    4.0    6.2
 13   NC-Longhurst   NCState Univ     5.3      5.4     5.8    4.7    4.7    6.0
 14   Johnston       NCState Univ     5.3      5.1     5.5    5.4    5.1    5.5
 15   Calypso        NCState Univ     5.3      5.1     5.2    5.5    5.3    5.4
 16   Supreme        Nunhems          5.3      5.0     5.7    5.4    5.1    5.4
 17   LB-27          Baker Seeds      5.3      4.8     5.6    5.4    5.3    5.3
 18   LB-09          Baker Seeds      5.3      4.9     5.9    5.3    5.0    5.3
 19   Colt           Seminis          5.2      5.0     5.5    5.3    5.1    5.2
 20   Sumter         Clemson Univ     5.2      4.6     5.0    5.7    5.4    5.4
 21   Lafayette      Nunhems          5.2      4.8     5.5    5.2    5.2    5.3
 22   Vlasspear      Seminis          5.2      4.8     5.3    5.4    5.3    5.1
 23   EX147-45479    Seminis          5.2      4.0     5.3    5.7    5.7    5.1
 24   Vlasstar       Seminis          5.1      4.8     5.5    5.2    4.9    5.2
 25   Wainwright     Nunhems          5.0      4.8     5.7    4.8    4.6    5.1
 26   EX147-35234    Seminis          5.0      4.4     5.7    5.0    4.9    5.0
 27   PP12-102       Rijk Zwaan       5.0      4.5     5.7    4.9    4.6    5.2
 28   NC-Davie       ZeraimGedera     4.9      5.2     5.5    4.7    4.3    5.1
 29   Treasure       Harris Moran     4.9      4.5     5.2    5.1    4.8    5.1
 30   Wis.SMR 18     Univ. Wis.       4.8      4.4     4.3    5.2    4.9    5.1
 31   NC-Lexington   NCState Univ     4.8      4.7     4.7    4.6    4.4    5.4
 32   PP12-103       Rijk Zwaan       4.7      4.2     4.9    4.9    4.6    5.0
 33   Vlaspik        Seminis          4.7      4.6     5.2    4.6    4.3    4.9
 34   EX147-27140    Seminis          4.7      4.1     5.7    4.6    4.4    4.8
 35   HSX-900        HortAg Seed      4.6      4.1     5.1    4.8    4.5    4.6
 36   HMX-7426       Harris Moran     4.5      4.2     5.1    4.4    4.2    4.8
 37   H-19           Seminis          4.2      4.8     4.2    3.8    3.2    5.2
 38   NC-Merritt     NCState Univ     4.2      3.8     4.5    3.9    3.7    5.2
 39   Coolgreen      Seminis          3.3      3.1     4.2    2.4    2.4    4.5
_________________________________________________________________________________
      CV (%)                         17       24      18     22     25     21
      Mean                            5.1      4.8     5.4    5.1    4.9    5.3
      LSD (5%)                        0.4      0.5     0.4    0.5    0.5    0.5
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (9=A+, 8=A, 7=A-, 6=B+, 5=B, 4=B-, 3=C, 2=D, 1=F).
Correlation (Shape with Uniformity) = 0.89**
Correlation (Texture with Seedcell) = 0.97**

 
Table 2.  Brinestock evaluation - percentage of fruit damaged by bloaters
(cultigens are ranked by balloon bloater resistance).
_________________________________________________________________________________
            Cultivar           Seed         Total                       Honey-
    Rank     or line          source       bloaters   Balloon   Lens     comb
_________________________________________________________________________________
      1    NC-Danbury      NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
      2    Exp06-3575      Bejo Seeds          0         0        0        0
      3    NC-Leland       NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
      4    NC-Longhurst    NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
      5    LB-27           Baker Seeds         0         0        0        0
      6    Sumter          Clemson Univ        0         0        0        0
      7    EX147-45479     Seminis             0         0        0        0
      8    EX147-35234     Seminis             0         0        0        0
      9    Wis.SMR 18      Univ. Wis.          0         0        0        0
     10    NC-Lexington    NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     11    H-19            Seminis             0         0        0        0
     12    NC-Merritt      NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     13    Exp06-3566      Bejo Seeds          0         0        0        0
     14    Feisty          Harris Moran        0         0        0        0
     15    Exp07-5654      Bejo Seeds          0         0        0        0
     16    CrossCountry    Harris Moran        0         0        0        0
     17    Johnston        NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     18    Calypso         NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     19    Vlasspear       Seminis             0         0        0        0
     20    Treasure        Harris Moran        0         0        0        0
     21    Raleigh         NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     22    PP12-103        Rijk Zwaan          0         0        0        0
     23    Vlasstar        Seminis             0         0        0        0
     24    Supreme         Nunhems             0         0        0        0
     25    NC-Duplin       NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     26    PP12-102        Rijk Zwaan          0         0        0        0
     27    NC-Davie        ZeraimGedera        1         1        0        0
     28    Exp06-3589      Bejo Seeds          1         1        0        0
     29    HSX-900         HortAg Seed         1         1        0        0
     30    Wainwright      Nunhems             1         1        0        0
     31    Lafayette       Nunhems             1         1        0        0
     32    EGP-411         EmeraldSeeds        2         2        0        0
     33    Vlaspik         Seminis             3         3        0        0
     34    Coolgreen       Seminis             4         4        0        0
     35    HMX-7426        Harris Moran        5         5        0        0
     36    LB-09           Baker Seeds         5         5        0        0
     37    EGP-410         EmeraldSeeds        5         5        0        0
     38    Colt            Seminis             7         7        0        0
     39    EX147-27140     Seminis            10        10        0        0
_________________________________________________________________________________
           CV (%)                            316       316        -        -
           Mean                                1         1        -        -
           LSD (5%)                            6         6        -        -
_________________________________________________________________________________

 
Table 3.  Brinestock evaluation - percentage of fruit damaged by defects
(cultigens are ranked by resistance to defects).
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                                               Blossom-
            Cultivar            Seed          Total  Placental   end     Soft
    Rank     or line           source        defects  hollows  defects  centers
_________________________________________________________________________________
       1    NC-Danbury      NCState Univ         0        0       0       0
       2    Sumter          Clemson Univ         0        0       0       0
       3    NC-Leland       NCState Univ         1        0       0       1
       4    EX147-45479     Seminis              1        0       1       0
       5    EX147-35234     Seminis              1        0       0       1
       6    Wis.SMR 18      Univ. Wis.           1        0       0       1
       7    Exp06-3566      Bejo Seeds           1        0       0       0
       8    Feisty          Harris Moran         1        1       0       0
       9    Vlasspear       Seminis              1        1       0       0
      10    Wainwright      Nunhems              1        1       0       0
      11    Exp06-3575      Bejo Seeds           1        0       1       0
      12    CrossCountry    Harris Moran         1        1       0       0
      13    Raleigh         NCState Univ         1        1       0       0
      14    Exp06-3589      Bejo Seeds           1        0       0       1
      15    Calypso         NCState Univ         2        1       0       1
      16    HSX-900         HortAg Seed          2        0       0       2
      17    LB-27           Baker Seeds          2        0       1       1
      18    NC-Lexington    NCState Univ         2        0       0       2
      19    NC-Merritt      NCState Univ         2        0       0       2
      20    Johnston        NCState Univ         2        1       0       1
      21    EGP-411         EmeraldSeeds         2        1       1       0
      22    Vlaspik         Seminis              2        1       0       1
      23    NC-Longhurst    NCState Univ         2        0       0       2
      24    Exp07-5654      Bejo Seeds           2        1       0       1
      25    Lafayette       Nunhems              2        1       0       1
      26    HMX-7426        Harris Moran         2        0       0       2
      27    PP12-103        Rijk Zwaan           3        1       0       1
      28    Treasure        Harris Moran         3        1       0       2
      29    Vlasstar        Seminis              4        2       0       2
      30    NC-Duplin       NCState Univ         4        3       1       0
      31    LB-09           Baker Seeds          4        3       0       1
      32    Supreme         Nunhems              4        3       0       2
      33    PP12-102        Rijk Zwaan           4        1       0       3
      34    EGP-410         EmeraldSeeds         5        4       1       0
      35    H-19            Seminis              5        0       0       5
      36    NC-Davie        ZeraimGedera         7        1       1       5
      37    Colt            Seminis              7        4       1       1
      38    EX147-27140     Seminis             12        8       1       3
      39    Coolgreen       Seminis             17        0       0      17
_________________________________________________________________________________
            CV (%)                             131      226     342     154
            Mean                                 3        1       0       2
            LSD (5%)                             6        4       1       4
_________________________________________________________________________________

 
Table 4.  Brinestock evaluation - firmness and texture of fruit, and resistance
to bloaters and defects (cultigens are ranked by firmness).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                    Firm-         Total
         Cultivar         Seed      ness  Text-  bloaters  Total   Bal-
  Rank    or line        source     (lb.)  ure  & defects bloaters loon  Defects
_________________________________________________________________________________
     1  Treasure      Harris Moran   22.8   5.1      3       0       0       3
     2  Johnston      NCState Univ   22.7   5.4      2       0       0       2
     3  LB-27         Baker Seeds    22.6   5.4      2       0       0       2
     4  Vlaspik       Seminis        22.4   4.6      5       3       3       2
     5  EGP-410       EmeraldSeeds   22.4   5.8     10       5       5       5
     6  NC-Lexington  NCState Univ   22.3   4.6      2       0       0       2
     7  Sumter        Clemson Univ   22.1   5.7      0       0       0       0
     8  Exp07-5654    Bejo Seeds     22.1   5.6      2       0       0       2
     9  Exp06-3566    Bejo Seeds     21.9   6.5      1       0       0       1
    10  Vlasspear     Seminis        21.9   5.4      1       0       0       1
    11  Exp06-3589    Bejo Seeds     21.8   6.0      2       1       1       1
    12  Exp06-3575    Bejo Seeds     21.7   6.4      1       0       0       1
    13  Vlasstar      Seminis        21.4   5.2      4       0       0       4
    14  NC-Danbury    NCState Univ   21.3   6.2      0       0       0       0
    15  EX147-45479   Seminis        21.3   5.7      1       0       0       1
    16  Calypso       NCState Univ   21.3   5.5      2       0       0       2
    17  EX147-35234   Seminis        21.2   5.0      1       0       0       1
    18  PP12-102      Rijk Zwaan     21.2   4.9      5       0       0       4
    19  Colt          Seminis        21.1   5.3     14       7       7       7
    20  Feisty        Harris Moran   21.0   5.7      1       0       0       1
    21  LB-09         Baker Seeds    20.9   5.3      9       5       5       4
    22  NC-Longhurst  NCState Univ   20.9   4.7      2       0       0       2
    23  Wis.SMR 18    Univ. Wis.     20.8   5.2      1       0       0       1
    24  Raleigh       NCState Univ   20.8   5.7      1       0       0       1
    25  EGP-411       EmeraldSeeds   20.7   5.4      4       2       2       2
    26  HSX-900       HortAg Seed    20.4   4.8      3       1       1       2
    27  Supreme       Nunhems        20.3   5.4      4       0       0       4
    28  PP12-103      Rijk Zwaan     20.3   4.9      3       0       0       3
    29  NC-Duplin     NCState Univ   20.2   5.6      4       0       0       4
    30  NC-Leland     NCState Univ   20.2   4.4      1       0       0       1
    31  EX147-27140   Seminis        20.2   4.6     22      10      10      12
    32  Lafayette     Nunhems        20.0   5.2      3       1       1       2
    33  NC-Davie      ZeraimGedera   20.0   4.7      7       1       1       7
    34  H-19          Seminis        19.8   3.8      5       0       0       5
    35  Wainwright    Nunhems        19.7   4.8      2       1       1       1
    36  CrossCountry  Harris Moran   18.7   5.5      1       0       0       1
    37  HMX-7426      Harris Moran   18.6   4.4      7       5       5       2
    38  NC-Merritt    NCState Univ   18.4   3.9      2       0       0       2
    39  Coolgreen     Seminis        10.8   2.4     21       4       4      17
_________________________________________________________________________________
        CV (%)                        7    22      167     316     316     131
        Mean                         20.7   5.1      4       1       1       3
        LSD (5%)                      2.3   0.5     11       6       6       6
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Firmness determined by punch-testing (Magness-Taylor) 10 grade 2B fruits.
Correlation of Texture with: Firmness = 0.43**,  Balloon = -0.17ns
Correlation of Texture with: Honeycomb = ns, Soft centers = -0.65**
 
Table 5.  Brinestock evaluation - quality ratings assigned by the judges
(judges are ranked by leniency).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                          Average           External           Seed   Uniform-
      Rank    Judge       quality    Shape    color  Texture   cell     ity
_________________________________________________________________________________
        1    Denlinger      6.3       6.1      7.1     5.7     5.5     7.0
        2    Joyner         5.9       6.1      6.1     5.8     5.3     6.0
        3    Moeller        5.9       6.0      6.5     6.0     5.1     5.8
        4    Bader          5.8       5.8      6.1     5.7     5.5     6.0
        5    Quill          5.7       4.7      5.8     5.7     6.4     6.2
        6    Woods          5.5       5.2      5.3     6.0     5.8     5.4
        7    Quinn          5.1       4.0      5.1     5.0     4.2     7.2
        8    Ware           4.9       4.0      4.7     5.8     5.8     4.3
        9    JacksonJW      4.5       4.1      5.3     4.2     4.4     4.7
       10    Hawley         4.5       4.0      4.6     4.6     4.5     4.6
       11    Apol           4.4       4.4      4.4     4.4     4.4     4.4
       12    Walpole        4.2       4.1      4.5     4.4     4.1     3.9
       13    JacksonRk      4.1       4.4      4.8     3.7     3.5     4.0
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (9=A+, 8=A, 7=A-, 6=B+, 5=B, 4=B-, 3=C, 2=D, 1=F).