Brinestock Evaluation

NCSU Cucumber Breeding Report - 2009cuke.gif

Todd C. Wehner
Professor

Tammy L. Ellington
Research Specialist


Department of Horticultural Science
North Carolina State University
            Raleigh, NC 27695-7609


Pickling Cucumbers
Brinestock Evaluation
Spring (Stage 3) Pickle Trial

Todd C. Wehner and Tammy L. Ellington z 
Department of Horticultural Science
North Carolina State University

Introduction
Cucumbers from harvests 2, 4 and 6 of the stage 3 spring pickling cucumber
trial were each placed in one brine tank at Mt. Olive Pickle Co.  The tanks
were purged with nitrogen to remove excess carbon dioxide from the brine.

Methods
The cultigens (cultivars and breeding lines) were evaluated for fruit quality
(shape, external color, texture, seedcell size, and lot uniformity), firmness,
bloaters, and other defects in October.  Quality was evaluated by judges from
industry:  Phil Denlinger, Henry Woods, Bob Quinn, and Jimmy Davis (Mt. Olive),
Eddie Quill, Darrell Hawley, JW Jackson, and Rickey Jackson (Bay Valley),
Curtiss Cates and John Cates (Addis Cates Co.), Steve Apol (Toisnot), Dan Bader
(Carolina's Best), Sara Walpole, Chris Dyke, and Michelle Wood (Nunhems), and
Chris Ware (Harris Moran).

Fruit quality was evaluated using a rating system (that approximated letter
grades) from 1 to 9, where 9 = A+, 8 = A, 7 = A-, 6 = B+, 5 = B, 4 = B-, 3 = C,
2 = D, 1 = F.  Bloaters and defects were measured as percentage of fruits with
damage in a sample of 20 grade 3B fruits.  Firmness was measured by punching 10
grade 2B fruits with a Magness-Taylor tester (having a 5/16" diameter tip).  All
cultigens were randomized, replicated and coded to prevent bias and provide a
measure of error variance.

Results
The cultigens are presented in order by decreasing fruit quality in Table 1, and
are ranked for resistance to bloaters and defects in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
Fruit texture and firmness rankings are in Table 4.  The average quality ratings
assigned by each judge in the test are presented in Table 5, showing how lenient
each judge was relative to the others.  Because of low bloater incidence, the
bloater data showed few significant differences among cultigens.

Summary
- The cultigens with best fruit quality in brinestock were NC-Duplin, Vlasstar,
  NC-Danbury, Exp08-7878, Vlaspik, EGP-410, Exp08-7612, McPick, Johnston, Starex,
  Feisty(9464), and Cross Country.
- Most cultigens were bloater resistant; several were susceptible: NC-Moriah,
  Exp08-7612, and NC-Denton.
- The firmest cultigens were Sumter, Europick, EGP-410, Exp08-7814, NC-Danbury,
  Exp08-7878, Treasure, LB 17, Exp08-7612, Vlasstar, and NC-Lexington.
- As usual, brinestock firmness (from the punch test) was only partially
  correlated with texture (subjective rating from the judges), so the two
  traits are measurements of different aspects of cucumber fruit firmness.
- Judges ranged from Denlinger who assigned the highest quality ratings, to
  Jackson who assigned the lowest.  Analysis of variance indicated significant
  differences among judges for the way they rated fruit quality.  However,
  interaction of judge with cultigen was non-significant (the judges agreed
  on which were good cultigens, and which were bad cultigens).

____________________________
z Thanks to Mt. Olive Pickle Co., Mt. Olive, N.C. for assistance in brining the
cucumbers, and for providing the facilities for evaluating the cultigens tested.
Thanks also to the personnel at the Horticultural Crops Research Station,
Clinton, N.C. for help in running the field trials.
 
Table 1.  Brinestock evaluation - quality ratings (cultigens are ranked by
average quality).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
      Cultivar          Seed        Average          Extrnal Text-  Seed Uniform-
Rank   or line         source       quality   Shape   color   ure   cell    ity
_________________________________________________________________________________
  1   NC-Duplin      NCState Univ     6.6      6.6     6.7    6.5    6.5    6.5
  2   Vlasstar       Seminis          6.3      6.2     6.5    6.3    6.2    6.5
  3   NC-Danbury     NCState Univ     6.2      6.1     6.5    6.1    6.1    6.3
  4   Exp08-7878     Bejo Seeds       6.1      6.0     5.7    6.4    6.4    6.1
  5   Vlaspik        Seminis          6.0      5.7     6.2    6.2    6.2    5.9
  6   EGP-410        EmeraldSeeds     6.0      5.6     6.0    6.4    6.3    5.8
  7   Exp08-7612     Bejo Seeds       5.8      5.5     6.3    5.8    5.9    5.7
  8   McPick         UnitedGenet      5.8      5.9     6.6    4.9    5.7    6.0
  9   Johnston       NCState Univ     5.7      5.2     6.0    5.9    5.8    5.8
 10   Starex         Baker Seeds      5.7      5.1     5.9    5.9    5.9    5.8
 11   Feisty(9464)   Harris Moran     5.7      5.4     6.3    5.5    5.5    5.8
 12   CrossCountry   Harris Moran     5.7      5.4     5.9    5.6    5.5    5.9
 13   Sumter         Clemson Univ     5.7      5.3     5.1    6.1    6.2    5.6
 14   Raleigh        NCState Univ     5.6      5.4     6.2    5.3    5.4    5.8
 15   Sassy          Harris Moran     5.6      5.0     6.6    5.2    5.2    5.8
 16   Europick       UnitedGenet      5.6      5.1     5.9    5.7    5.6    5.6
 17   NC-Longhurst   NCState Univ     5.5      5.1     6.4    5.0    5.1    6.1
 18   EGP-427        EmeraldSeeds     5.5      5.1     6.2    5.5    5.5    5.3
 19   NC-Davie       ZeraimGedera     5.5      5.9     5.8    4.9    4.9    5.9
 20   NC-Lexington   NCState Univ     5.5      5.3     5.6    5.4    5.3    5.6
 21   Exp08-7814     Bejo Seeds       5.4      5.0     5.9    5.1    5.3    5.5
 22   NC-Dawson      NCState Univ     5.4      5.3     5.7    5.1    5.0    5.7
 23   HSX 441-B      HortAg Seeds     5.3      5.3     6.1    5.1    4.7    5.5
 24   NC-Leland      NCState Univ     5.3      4.9     5.9    5.0    4.8    5.8
 25   Calypso        NCState Univ     5.2      4.9     4.6    5.6    5.6    5.4
 26   Colt           Seminis          5.2      5.1     5.4    5.4    4.5    5.5
 27   Exp08-7633     Bejo Seeds       5.2      4.9     5.4    5.2    5.0    5.3
 28   NC-Denton      NCState Univ     5.1      5.0     5.4    4.9    4.9    5.5
 29   LB 17          Baker Seeds      5.1      4.7     5.4    5.2    4.9    5.3
 30   Treasure       Harris Moran     5.0      4.4     4.9    5.6    5.4    4.9
 32   NC-Moriah      NCState Univ     4.9      4.9     4.8    4.7    4.6    5.4
 33   H-19           Seminis          4.8      4.8     5.5    3.9    4.1    5.5
 34   Wis.SMR 18     Univ. Wis.       4.5      4.2     4.5    4.7    4.7    4.6
 35   NC-Merritt     NCState Univ     3.9      3.1     4.5    3.5    3.4    4.8
 36   Coolgreen      Seminis          3.7      3.1     4.5    3.2    3.3    4.3
_________________________________________________________________________________
      CV (%)                         13.5     20.7    16.6   20.0   21.1   17.5
      Mean                            5.4      5.1     5.7    5.3    5.3    5.6
      LSD (5%)                        0.3      0.4     0.4    0.4    0.4    0.4
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (9=A+, 8=A, 7=A-, 6=B+, 5=B, 4=B-, 3=C, 2=D, 1=F).
Correlation (Shape with Uniformity) = 0.87**
Correlation (Texture with Seedcell) = 0.92**

 
Table 2.  Brinestock evaluation - percentage of fruit damaged by bloaters
(cultigens are ranked by balloon bloater resistance).
_________________________________________________________________________________
            Cultivar           Seed         Total                       Honey-
    Rank     or line          source       bloaters   Balloon   Lens     comb
_________________________________________________________________________________
      1    NC-Duplin       NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
      2    Vlasstar        Seminis             0         0        0        0
      3    Vlaspik         Seminis             0         0        0        0
      4    Johnston        NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
      5    Starex          Baker Seeds         0         0        0        0
      6    CrossCountry    Harris Moran        0         0        0        0
      7    NC-Dawson       NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
      8    HSX 441-B       HortAg Seeds        0         0        0        0
      9    NC-Leland       NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     10    Colt            Seminis             0         0        0        0
     11    LB 17           Baker Seeds         0         0        0        0
     12    Treasure        Harris Moran        0         0        0        0
     13    Wealthy         Harris Moran        0         0        0        0
     14    Wis.SMR 18      Univ. Wis.          0         0        0        0
     15    NC-Merritt      NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     16    Coolgreen       Seminis             0         0        0        0
     17    Feisty(9464)    Harris Moran        0         0        0        0
     18    NC-Lexington    NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     19    NC-Davie        ZeraimGedera        0         0        0        0
     20    Calypso         NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     21    Europick        UnitedGenet         0         0        0        0
     22    EGP-427         EmeraldSeeds        0         0        0        0
     23    NC-Danbury      NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     24    Raleigh         NCState Univ        0         0        0        0
     25    Exp08-7633      Bejo Seeds          0         0        0        0
     26    H-19            Seminis             0         0        0        0
     27    EGP-410         EmeraldSeeds        0         0        0        0
     28    Sumter          Clemson Univ        0         0        0        0
     29    Exp08-7878      Bejo Seeds          1         0        0        0
     30    NC-Longhurst    NCState Univ        1         1        0        0
     31    Sassy           Harris Moran        1         1        0        0
     32    McPick          UnitedGenet         1         1        0        0
     33    Exp08-7814      Bejo Seeds          3         2        1        0
     34    NC-Moriah       NCState Univ        3         3        0        0
     35    Exp08-7612      Bejo Seeds          3         3        0        0
     36    NC-Denton       NCState Univ        4         4        0        0
_________________________________________________________________________________
           CV (%)                            332.9     333.2    814.5      0
           Mean                                0.4       0.4      0.1      0
           LSD (5%)                            2.4       2.2      0.5      0
_________________________________________________________________________________

 
Table 3.  Brinestock evaluation - percentage of fruit damaged by defects
(cultigens are ranked by resistance to defects).
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                                               Blossom-
            Cultivar            Seed          Total  Placental   end     Soft
    Rank     or line           source        defects  hollows  defects  centers
_________________________________________________________________________________
       1    NC-Duplin       NCState Univ        0        0       0       0
       2    Vlasstar        Seminis             0        0       0       0
       3    Vlaspik         Seminis             0        0       0       0
       4    Johnston        NCState Univ        0        0       0       0
       5    Starex          Baker Seeds         0        0       0       0
       6    Treasure        Harris Moran        0        0       0       0
       7    Exp08-7878      Bejo Seeds          0        0       0       0
       8    NC-Moriah       NCState Univ        0        0       0       0
       9    Feisty(9464)    Harris Moran        0        0       0       0
      10    NC-Lexington    NCState Univ        0        0       0       0
      11    NC-Denton       NCState Univ        0        0       0       0
      12    CrossCountry    Harris Moran        1        0       1       0
      13    LB 17           Baker Seeds         1        0       1       0
      14    Wis.SMR 18      Univ. Wis.          1        0       0       1
      15    Calypso         NCState Univ        1        1       0       0
      16    Sassy           Harris Moran        1        0       1       0
      17    Wealthy         Harris Moran        1        0       1       0
      18    NC-Danbury      NCState Univ        1        1       0       0
      19    Exp08-7814      Bejo Seeds          1        1       0       0
      20    Europick        UnitedGenet         2        1       1       0
      21    EGP-427         EmeraldSeeds        2        1       1       0
      22    NC-Longhurst    NCState Univ        2        0       0       2
      23    NC-Dawson       NCState Univ        2        0       0       2
      24    NC-Leland       NCState Univ        2        0       0       2
      25    Raleigh         NCState Univ        2        1       0       1
      26    Sumter          Clemson Univ        2        2       0       0
      27    Exp08-7612      Bejo Seeds          2        1       0       1
      28    NC-Merritt      NCState Univ        2        0       0       2
      29    HSX 441-B       HortAg Seeds        3        0       0       3
      30    NC-Davie        ZeraimGedera        3        1       1       1
      31    Exp08-7633      Bejo Seeds          3        1       0       1
      32    H-19            Seminis             3        1       0       1
      33    EGP-410         EmeraldSeeds        3        2       1       0
      34    Colt            Seminis             3        0       0       3
      35    McPick          UnitedGenet         6        6       0       0
      36    Coolgreen       Seminis             7        0       0       7
_________________________________________________________________________________
            CV (%)                           115.3     202.6   332.5     186.6
            Mean                               1.5       0.6      0.2       0.7
            LSD (5%)                           2.9       2.0      0.9       2.3
_________________________________________________________________________________

 
Table 4.  Brinestock evaluation - firmness and texture of fruit, and resistance
to bloaters and defects (cultigens are ranked by firmness).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                                    Firm-         Total
         Cultivar         Seed      ness  Text-  bloaters  Total   Bal-
  Rank    or line        source     (lb.)  ure  & defects bloaters loon  Defects
_________________________________________________________________________________
     1  Sumter        Clemson Univ  19.3   6.1     2       0       0       2
     2  Europick      UnitedGenet   18.6   5.7     2       0       0       2
     3  EGP-410       EmeraldSeeds  18.4   6.4     3       0       0       3
     4  Exp08-7814    Bejo Seeds    18.4   5.1     4       3       2       1
     5  NC-Danbury    NCState Univ  18.3   6.1     1       0       0       1
     6  Exp08-7878    Bejo Seeds    18.1   6.4     1       1       0       0
     7  Treasure      Harris Moran  18.1   5.6     0       0       0       0
     8  LB 17         Baker Seeds   17.8   5.2     1       0       0       1
     9  Exp08-7612    Bejo Seeds    17.5   5.8     5       3       3       2
    10  Vlasstar      Seminis       17.2   6.3     0       0       0       0
    11  NC-Lexington  NCState Univ  17.0   5.4     0       0       0       0
    12  Vlaspik       Seminis       16.8   6.2     0       0       0       0
    13  NC-Leland     NCState Univ  16.8   5.0     2       0       0       2
    14  Colt          Seminis       16.7   5.4     3       0       0       3
    15  NC-Longhurst  NCState Univ  16.7   5.0     2       1       1       2
    16  Calypso       NCState Univ  16.6   5.6     1       0       0       1
    17  Johnston      NCState Univ  16.5   5.9     0       0       0       0
    18  HSX 441-B     HortAg Seeds  16.4   5.1     3       0       0       3
    19  NC-Denton     NCState Univ  16.1   4.9     4       4       4       0
    20  McPick        UnitedGenet   16.0   4.9     7       1       1       6
    21  Raleigh       NCState Univ  15.9   5.3     2       0       0       2
    22  H-19          Seminis       15.9   3.9     3       0       0       3
    23  Exp08-7633    Bejo Seeds    15.7   5.2     3       0       0       3
    24  Starex        Baker Seeds   15.6   5.9     0       0       0       0
    25  CrossCountry  Harris Moran  15.5   5.6     1       0       0       1
    26  NC-Duplin     NCState Univ  15.4   6.5     0       0       0       0
    27  NC-Moriah     NCState Univ  15.3   4.7     3       3       3       0
    29  NC-Davie      ZeraimGedera  14.7   4.9     3       0       0       3
    30  Feisty(9464)  Harris Moran  14.5   5.5     0       0       0       0
    31  NC-Merritt    NCState Univ  14.2   3.5     2       0       0       2
    32  Wis.SMR 18    Univ. Wis.    14.2   4.7     1       0       0       1
    33  EGP-427       EmeraldSeeds  14.1   5.5     2       0       0       2
    34  NC-Dawson     NCState Univ  13.6   5.1     2       0       0       2
    35  Sassy         Harris Moran  13.2   5.2     2       1       1       1
    36  Coolgreen     Seminis        9.4   3.2     7       0       0       7
_________________________________________________________________________________
        CV (%)                       7.1   0       0       0       0       0
        Mean                        16.1   0       0       0       0       0
        LSD (5%)                     1.9   0       0       0       0       0
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Firmness determined by punch-testing (Magness-Taylor) 10 grade 2B fruits.
Correlation of Texture with: Firmness = 0.46**,  Balloon = -0.14ns
Correlation of Texture with: Honeycomb = 0.00ns, Soft centers = -0.61**
 
Table 5.  Brinestock evaluation - quality ratings assigned by the judges
(judges are ranked by leniency).z
_________________________________________________________________________________
                          Average           External           Seed   Uniform-
      Rank    Judge       quality    Shape    color  Texture   cell     ity
_________________________________________________________________________________
        1    Denlinger      6.5       6.2      7.3     5.8     6.1     7.3
        2    Apol           6.4       6.4      6.4     6.4     6.4     6.4
        3    Hawley         6.0       5.8      6.2     6.0     6.1     6.1
        4    Davis          6.0       5.7      5.4     6.4     6.6     5.8
        5    CatesC         5.9       6.0      6.1     6.0     5.7     5.9
        6    Ware           5.7       5.3      5.8     6.0     6.0     5.5
        7    Woods          5.7       5.6      5.7     5.8     5.6     5.8
        8    Quill          5.7       5.2      5.9     5.3     5.7     6.1
        9    Bader          5.5       5.3      5.8     5.6     5.4     5.5
       10    Dyke           5.2       5.1      5.7     4.8     5.1     5.4
       11    Wood           5.0       4.4      5.8     5.1     5.3     4.4
       12    JacksonJW      5.0       5.3      6.0     4.3     4.0     5.3
       13    CatesJ         4.8       4.2      4.6     4.9     5.1     5.2
       14    JacksonRk      4.7       4.5      5.4     4.7     4.4     4.7
       15    Quinn          4.7       4.1      4.4     4.0     3.3     7.5
       16    Walpole        3.7       3.1      5.1     3.9     3.5     3.1
_________________________________________________________________________________
z Quality rated 1 to 9 (9=A+, 8=A, 7=A-, 6=B+, 5=B, 4=B-, 3=C, 2=D, 1=F).